Development and use of fish cell lines as integrative tools for research in basic science, ecotoxicology, and aquaculture

鱼细胞系的开发和使用作为基础科学、生态毒理学和水产养殖研究的综合工具

• 批准号: 46159-2011
• 负责人: Lee, Lucila
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: Fraser Valley
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568931
• 关键词: Development; use; fish; cell; lines

With dwindling fisheries, aquaculture is taking an important role in the provision of fish and shellfish to global markets. However, growth of aquaculture is constrained by incidence of disease and high mortalities due to stressful environmental conditions such as crowding and pollution. The sheer nature of aquacultured animals requiring large aquatic holding facilities, makes it very cumbersome and highly expensive to have whole organisms as model systems to evaluate aspects of disease progression and/or evaluation of contaminating chemicals or of therapeutic compounds. This is especially true if the study of the pathogens of interest, are OBLIGATE intracellular microorganisms. As opposed to facultative intracellular pathogens or to extracellular pathogens that can be cultured and studied outside host cells, obligate intracellular pathogens are difficult to study, as they require host cells for growth and survival. The study of viruses, the ultimate obligate intracellular pathogen, was facilitated with the development and availability of long term culturable cells or cell lines. For many terrestrial organisms, including humans, cell cultures derived from the organisms of interest have been successfully used as models to study disease, drug effects, and the role of environmental variables in modulating their health. Thus the present proposal aims to study MICROSPORIDIA (a poorly characterized obligate intracellular fungal parasites), their mechanisms of pathogenicity, transmission, reproduction, host specificity, and interactions with environmental contaminants as well as to develop therapeutic and preventive measures to control these pathogens in aquacultured species using model fish cell cultures. The growth of aquaculture has led to increasing reports of emerging opportunistic microsporidial pathogens and outbreaks of microsporidiosis have become an important issue in the global as well as Canadian industry. Loma salmonae, Loma morhua, Glugea sp. are some of several fish-afflicting microsporidia that have been reported to occur in important Canadian fish species and will be researched in this proposal along with a model culturable microsporidia, Anncaliia algerae.

随着渔业的减少，水产养殖在向全球市场提供鱼类和贝类方面发挥着重要作用。然而，由于拥挤和污染等应激环境条件，水产养殖业的增长受到疾病发病率和高死亡率的限制。水产养殖动物的纯粹性质需要大型水产养殖设施，这使得将整个生物作为评估疾病进展和/或评估污染化学品或治疗化合物的方面的模型系统非常繁琐和昂贵。如果对感兴趣的病原体的研究是专性的细胞内微生物，这一点尤其正确。与可以在宿主细胞外培养和研究的兼性细胞内病原体或细胞外病原体不同，专性细胞内病原体很难研究，因为它们需要宿主细胞生长和生存。随着可长期培养的细胞或细胞系的发展和可获得性，对病毒这一终极专性细胞内病原体的研究得到了促进。对于包括人类在内的许多陆地生物来说，从感兴趣的生物中提取的细胞培养已经被成功地用作研究疾病、药物效应和环境变量在调节其健康中的作用的模型。因此，本提案旨在研究微孢子虫(一种特性不佳的专性细胞内真菌寄生虫)及其致病性、传播、繁殖、寄主专一性和与环境污染物的相互作用的机制，并利用模型鱼细胞培养制定治疗和预防措施以控制水产养殖物种中的这些病原体。水产养殖业的发展导致越来越多的关于出现机会性微孢子虫病原体的报道，微孢子虫病的暴发已成为全球和加拿大工业的一个重要问题。沙门氏菌(Loma Salmonae)、沙门氏菌(Loma Morhua)、粘虫(Glugea sp.)是据报告出现在加拿大重要鱼种中的几种危害鱼类的微孢子虫中的一部分，并将在本提案中与可培养的模式微孢子虫Anncalia algerae一起进行研究。