Integrated water management systems for sustainable use of agricultural lands and water

可持续利用农田和水的综合水管理系统

• 批准号: 105564-2011
• 负责人: SriRanjan, Ramanathan
• 金额: $ 1.38万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569082
• 关键词: Integrated; water; management; systems; sustainable

The expansion of intensive agricultural production requires the use of adequate irrigation, drainage, and agricultural chemicals. The consequence of high fertilizer application is the increased potential to pollute the streams, rivers, and lakes via poor quality drainage return flows. Irrigated potato production is expanding in Southern Manitoba in areas where salinization from poor quality groundwater has been a major problem. Proper water management through well-designed irrigation and drainage systems can minimize the salinization problems. One of the strategies to mitigate salinization is to use excess irrigation water to wash the salts below the root zone and remove this excess water by a drainage system. If the drainage return flows are directed to engineered-wetlands, the pollutants could be removed by vegetation. This will allow the water to be re-used for irrigation during dry periods and thus eliminate the pollution of rivers and lakes. The operation of drainage/subirrigation system will be investigated and the drainage return flow will be directed to properly designed engineered-wetlands and the changes in water quality will be assessed. The long term objective of the proposed research program is to develop integrated water management systems that will allow expansion of intensive high-value crop production while protecting the land and water from pollution. Field experiments will be conducted in a strip-plot design with overhead irrigation with drainage, subirrigation/drainage, overhead irrigation without drainage, and no irrigation and no drainage as treatments. The soil root zone will be fully instrumented to monitor the water and salt movement. The drainage return flows will be directed into different engineered-wetlands where the salts and nutrients will be taken up by different types of halophytic plants that can grow in saline environments. Biomass will be periodically harvested to remove the salt load from the engineered-wetlands to determine the salt removal efficiency of different halophytic plants. The results from these experiments will make irrigation/drainage more sustainable.

扩大集约化农业生产需要使用充足的灌溉、排水和农用化学品。高施肥的后果是，由于排水质量差，回流水流污染溪流、河流和湖泊的可能性增加。马尼托巴省南部地区的灌溉马铃薯生产正在扩大，这些地区因地下水质量差而盐碱化一直是一个主要问题。通过精心设计的灌溉和排水系统进行适当的水管理可以最大限度地减少盐碱化问题。减轻盐碱化的策略之一是使用多余的灌溉水来冲洗根区以下的盐分，并通过排水系统去除多余的水。如果排水回流被引导至工程湿地，污染物可以被植被去除。这将使干旱时期的水能够重新用于灌溉，从而消除河流和湖泊的污染。 将调查排水/地下灌溉系统的运行情况，并将排水回流引导至正确设计的工程湿地，并评估水质的变化。拟议研究计划的长期目标是开发综合水管理系统，以扩大集约型高价值作物生产，同时保护土地和水免受污染。 田间试验采用带状地块设计，采用高架灌溉排水、地下灌溉/排水、高架灌溉不排水、不灌溉不排水作为处理。土壤根区将配备齐全的仪器来监测水和盐的运动。排水回流将被引导到不同的工程湿地，其中的盐分和养分将被可在盐分环境中生长的不同类型的盐生植物吸收。将定期收获生物质以去除工程湿地的盐负荷，以确定不同盐生植物的除盐效率。 这些实验的结果将使灌溉/排水更加可持续。