Glazing/shading models and software for green building simulation and design

滑铁卢大学的高级玻璃系统实验室（AGSL）建立了一个国际公认的研究项目，研究窗户和遮阳系统的热性能。 AGSL的研究涉及各种各样的活动，包括传热测量，太阳和长波光学测量，计算流体动力学，理论的发展和工程模型的制定。 这一活动的大部分是为了制作软件-既为了对窗户/遮阳系统设计进行评级，也为了改进用于成功设计绿色建筑物的建筑物能源模拟。 绿色建筑设计总是需要高水平的绝缘。 诸如低辐射（low-e）涂层和附加玻璃层等组件增加了窗户的热阻并减弱了太阳能增益。 然而，即使是中等水平的太阳能增益也会导致隔热良好的建筑物过热。 太阳能增益是特别麻烦的，因为它通常是最大和最可变的热增益。 现在，人们的注意力更多地集中在可操作的遮阳装置上，这种装置可以在需要加热的时候和地方接受太阳能，而在其他地方拒绝太阳能。 在峰值负荷管理的背景下，太阳能增益尤其重要。 NSERC的资金将用于多个项目，这些项目的共同目标是开发、测试和证明新的窗口分析框架。 这个新的框架，最近AGSL理论的基础上，提供了各种好处。 最重要的是，它将适用于时间步长建筑模拟，因为它预计将非常快。 原始的速度使得有可能将足够的细节和权力的模型，以探索与阴影开窗相关的复杂过程和相互作用。 预计新框架还将解决与计算稳定性相关的问题。 此外，将进行实验工作，以提高某些对流传热子组件模型的准确性，提高预测峰值冷却负荷的准确性。

The Advanced Glazing System Laboratory (AGSL) at the University of Waterloo has established an internationally recognized program of research dealing with the thermal performance of windows and shading systems. AGSL research entails a wide variety of activities including heat transfer measurements, solar and longwave optical measurements, computational fluid dynamics, development of theory and the formulation of engineering models. Much of this activity is aimed at the production of software - both for the purpose of rating window/shading system designs and for improving building energy simulation used for the successful design of green buildings. Green building design invariably entails high levels of insulation. Components such as low-emissivity (low-e) coatings and additional glazing layers increase the thermal resistance of a window and attenuate solar gain. However, even moderate levels of solar gain will cause a well insulated building to overheat. Solar gain is particularly troublesome because it is usually the largest and most variable heat gain. Much attention is now directed toward operable shading devices - devices that can admit solar energy when and where heating is needed, and reject it otherwise. In the context of peak load management solar gain is especially important. NSERC funding will be used for several projects that share the common goal of developing, testing and proving a new framework for window analysis. This new framework, based on recent AGSL theory, offers various benefits. Most important, it will be suitable for use in time-step building simulation because it is expected to be exceptionally fast. Raw speed makes it possible to incorporate models of sufficient detail and power to explore the intricate processes and interactions associated with shaded fenestration. It is also expected that the new framework will solve problems related to computational stability. In addition, experimental work will be undertaken to increase the accuracy of some of the convective heat transfer subcomponent models, increasing the accuracy of predicted peak cooling loads.