The chemistry, sources and sinks of atmospheric reactive nitrogen

大气活性氮的化学性质、来源和汇

• 批准号: 340997-2011
• 负责人: Murphy, Jennifer
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572187
• 关键词: chemistry; sources; sinks; atmospheric; reactive

There is growing recognition of the looming environmental crisis related to the planetary distribution of reactive nitrogen, and its impacts on environmental issues such as air quality, acid deposition, climate change, agricultural production, and biodiversity. Human activity has dramatically accelerated the rates of nitrogen fixation, leading to tripling of the emission rates of NOx and NH3 since 1860, with a projection of a further doubling by 2050 . Experts propose that the industrial rate of nitrogen fixation should be decreased by a factor of four , but the ability to meet, and rationale for, this ambitious target requires a better understanding of the variables governing the source strength of reactive nitrogen, and the cascade of impacts following emission. This research program focuses on the acquisition and interpretation of observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen compounds, through three complementary activities: i) development of analytical techniques for field measurements, ii) collection of ambient atmospheric data, and iii) analysis of observations with a focus on process-level understanding. Our overall objective is to more fully develop the description of the sources, sinks and chemical transformations of reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere by targeting specific constituents and/or processes that are currently poorly understood. In this proposal, we describe plans to use a spectrometer on a mobile lab to identify and quantify important point and mobile sources of ammonia in southwestern Ontario. Another study will be designed to identify the variables governing the bidirectional exchange for area sources of ammonia, which are needed for air quality model development. We will expand on our analytical abilities to measure novel reactive nitrogen constituents, and interpret observations to understand the role they play in fine particle formation and heterogeneous chemistry. The role of the snowpack in acting as a source, sink, or medium for chemical transformations will also be explored during a winter season field campaign.

人们越来越认识到与活性氮的全球分布有关的迫在眉睫的环境危机及其对空气质量、酸沉降、气候变化、农业生产和生物多样性等环境问题的影响。人类活动大大加快了固氮的速度，导致氮氧化物和氨的排放率自1860年以来增加了两倍，预计到2050年将进一步增加一倍。专家们建议，工业固氮率应降低四倍，但要实现这一雄心勃勃的目标，需要更好地了解控制活性氮源强度的变量以及排放后的级联影响。 该研究计划的重点是大气活性氮化合物观测的获取和解释，通过三个互补的活动：i）现场测量分析技术的开发，ii）环境大气数据的收集，iii）观测分析，重点是过程层面的理解。我们的总体目标是通过针对目前知之甚少的具体成分和/或过程，更充分地描述大气中活性氮的来源、汇和化学转化。在这个提案中，我们描述了计划使用光谱仪上的移动的实验室，以确定和量化的重要点和移动的来源的氨在西南部安大略。另一项研究将旨在确定控制氨的区域来源的双向交换的变量，这是空气质量模型开发所需的。我们将扩大我们的分析能力，以测量新的活性氮成分，并解释观测结果，以了解它们在细颗粒形成和多相化学中的作用。积雪作为一个源，汇，或化学转化介质的作用也将在冬季实地考察中进行探索。