DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL GRAPHENE NANOMATERIALS FOR SUPERCAPACITOR

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Supercapacitors have a number of high-impact characteristics, such as fast charging, long charge-discharge cycles and broad operating temperature ranges, leading to widespread applications in hybrid or electrical vehicles, electronics, aircrafts, and smart grids for energy storage. The US Department of Energy has also assigned the same importance to supercapacitors and batteries. Currently, low energy capacities and cycle stability limited by materials performance have dramatically inhibited their practical applications. In this proposal, we propose a solution to improve the capacitance, energy density, and stability of supercapacitor by strategic designing multi-functional graphene materials through (1)Synthesis, activation and nitrogen doping of graphene to increase ion accessibility and electron transport; (2) Controlled surface functionalization of graphene with water-soluble sulfophenyl groups to tailor the surface properties of graphene. Then coupled with conducting polymers and metal oxide pseudocapacitoance materials; (3) Novel layer by layer 3D assembly graphene with conducting polymers and metal oxide to form a free-standing film and integrate electrochemical double layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms to improve energy density. The proposed advanced multifunctional graphene nanomaterials will have a unique morphology with dimensions at multiple length scales that combine a number of remarkable properties unavailable from conventional activated carbon and other carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes.