Application of tri-colour photomultiplier technologies to enhance cathodoluminescence imaging

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There are numerous electromagnetic phenomenon associated with electron microscopy all derived from the bombardment of sample material by electrons. These incident electrons interact with the electrons and nuclei of the studied material. Among the many phenomenon are: secondary electrons displaced by the incident electrons, back scattered (or reflected) electrons, low-level x-ray emissions, transmitted electrons, auger electrons, and cathodoluminescence (CL). CL, the targeted phenomenon in this study, is the emission of light in the visible and near visible range. The aim of this research project is to enhance cathodoluminescence imaging used routinely in a number of scientific and engineering disciplines; such as geochronology, protein identification, ceramics, high-tech fabrication, and nanostructures. Our proposed research builds upon a similar project from our group using a parallel technology, and some of the outcomes from that project are directly applicable. This proposed research involves using a tri-colour assemblage of miniature photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to greatly enhance CL signals. Signal strength will be tripled or quadrupled by using an assemblage of three or four PMTs to construct a colour image. This research also capitalizes on the small size of the new mini-PMTs moving them inside the SEM's vacuum chamber, closer to the CL emitted by the sample thus further increases the amount of light captured. Ultimately, this project will benefit researchers and the Canadian public not only in terms of enhanced imaging capabilities for both chemical and geoscience applications but also for medical and forensic engineering and sciences. Additionally, this proposal includes student training and will establish student-industry linkages.