Analyzing the molecular roles of the Gumby/Fam105b/Otulin linear deubiquitinase and its relative Fam105a in development

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Eukaryotic cells use a small tag called "ubiquitin" as a " zipcode" to send proteins to the right location. Ubiquitin itself can have other ubiquitin molecules added to it to build ubiquitin “chains”. These chains serve as more precise “zipcodes”. While all eukaryotes build ubiquitin chains, only animals with backbones (chordates) build the more recently discovered “linear ubiquitin” chain. The importance of ubiquitin tags - and their removal - is underscored by the poorly understood observation that clumps of ubiquitin tags are seen in brains of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS or Parkinson's.