Nutrient Legacies and Time Lags: Understanding Catchment Biogeochemical Responses in Anthropogenic Landscapes

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Excess nutrients associated with high levels of fertilizer application and concentrated livestock operations find their way into both ground and surface waters, leading to problems of hypoxia, aquatic toxicity and drinking water contamination. Reductions in fertilizer application or implementation of other best management practices (BMPs) have been carried out to improve water quality, but often they do not yield expected results. Such lack of response is attributed to buildups of legacy stores that can cause significant time lags between BMP implementation and water quality improvements.