A quantum gas microscope to study fermions in an optical lattice

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Ultracold atoms are a versatile platform for the study of quantum collective behaviour. Quantum many-body physics dominates electrons in solid materials, where crystal structure and electron-electron interactions combine to produce exotic -- and sometimes useful -- properties. For instance, in superconducting materials, electrical current flows without resistance. Nearly thirty years ago, researchers synthesized materials that superconduct even at a relatively high temperature (compared to elemental metals), but the explanation of high-temperature superconductivity is still lacking. Part of the difficulty in developing a full conceptual picture is that material synthesis without impurities is only possible in a small number of chemical compounds, whose structure and behaviour are complex. It is unclear which properties are essential, and which are incidental, to high-temperature superconductivity.