Towards an evolutionary ecology of individual differences

走向个体差异的进化生态学

• 批准号: 262747-2013
• 负责人: Reale, Denis
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=594761
• 关键词: Towards; evolutionary; ecology; individual; differences

Over the last decade in behavioural ecology there has been an increasing interest in consistent behavioural differences among individuals, also called personality differences. At the centre of this interest are the ecological and evolutionary reasons that individuals of the same species differ in their behaviour. The interest in personality is associated with a resurgence of theoretical activity on some evolutionary hypotheses: spatial and temporal variation in selection and the evolution of individual niche specialisation, frequency-dependent selection, indirect genetic effects, and the evolution of individual social niche specialisation, have all been proposed as alternative explanations to the maintenance of personality differences. At the same time, recent work on the evolution of personality differences has broadened the range of investigation to other traits such as life history or metabolism. Behavioural differences are now assumed to be part of a package of life history/metabolic strategies, which may provide adaptive explanations for the maintenance of behavioural variation in the wild. In this burst of activity around the questions on animal personality, I profit from my pioneering position in the field to propose a research program investigating some of the evolutionary hypotheses for the maintenance of personality differences.

在过去的十年里，行为生态学对个体之间一致的行为差异越来越感兴趣，也被称为人格差异。这种兴趣的中心是同一物种的个体行为不同的生态和进化原因。对人格的兴趣与一些进化假设的理论活动的复苏有关：选择的时空变化和个体生态位专业化的进化，频率依赖的选择，间接遗传效应，以及个体社会生态位专业化的进化，都被提出作为维持人格差异的替代解释。与此同时，最近关于人格差异进化的研究将研究范围扩大到其他特征，如生活史或新陈代谢。行为差异现在被认为是生活史/代谢策略的一部分，这可能为野生动物行为差异的维持提供适应性解释。在围绕动物性格问题的激烈讨论中，我利用自己在这一领域的先锋地位，提出了一项研究计划，调查维持性格差异的一些进化假设。