Biotic drivers of ecosystem nutrient cycling

人类活动，如收获，城市化和农业，导致许多顶级捕食者和食草动物的减少或灭绝。例如，纽芬兰和拉布拉多沿海的大西洋鳕鱼和鲑鱼种群大幅减少。人类还引入了一些食肉动物和食草动物用于娱乐或资源管理。例如，驼鹿在20世纪初被引入纽芬兰，今天驼鹿狩猎是该省的主要产业。捕食者和食草动物可以影响生态系统的养分循环;这是一种重要的生命支持生态服务，是粮食生产和水净化的基础。然而，食肉动物和草食动物的灭绝或引入对生态系统养分循环的影响还没有得到很好的理解。我的研究计划的长期目标是调查捕食者和食草动物在生态系统营养循环中的作用。在接下来的五年里，我有三个目标：解开捕食者和食草动物与生态系统养分循环之间的不同机制; I）通过经验数据综合评估当前的知识状态，II）导出生态系统模型来预测捕食者和草食动物的保护和引入对生态系统养分收支的影响，和III）测试理论预测的捕食者和食草动物之间的关系和营养循环的水生和陆地生态系统在纽芬兰北部地区。

Human activities such as harvesting, urbanization, and agriculture have led to the decline or extinction of many top predators and herbivores. For example, there has been a significant decline in Atlantic cod and salmon stocks off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador. Humans have also introduced a number of predators and herbivores for recreation or resource management. For example, moose were introduced to Newfoundland in the early 1900s and today moose hunting is a major industry in the province. Predators and herbivores can influence ecosystem nutrient cycling; a critical life supporting ecological service which is fundamental for food production and water purification. However, the implications of the extinction or introduction of predators and herbivores on ecosystem nutrient cycling are not well understood. The long-term goal of my research program is to investigate the role of predators and herbivores in ecosystem nutrient cycling. Over the next five years I have three objectives to disentangle the different mechanisms linking predators and herbivores to ecosystem nutrient cycling; I) assess the current state of knowledge through an empirical data synthesis, II) derive ecosystem models to predict the effect of predator and herbivore extinctions and introductions on ecosystem nutrient budgets, and III) test theoretical predictions for the relationship between predators and herbivores and nutrient cycling in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the boreal region of Newfoundland.