DOCSIS 3.1 upstream OFDMA channel optimization

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People in urban areas are usually connected to the internet via physical plant consisting of coaxial cable optical fibre and electronic components such as amplifiers, diplexers and directional couplers/taps arranged in such a way as to allow one coaxial cable to be used for both inbound and outbound traffic. This plant connects cable modems and TVs in a subscriber's residence to a cable modem termination system located on the service provider's site. The entire system, including the software that controls it, is referred to as the CATV network. A standard known as DOCSIS, the latest version of which is 3.1., controls the structure of both the software and hardware of the CATV network and specifies the functionality of all the components used in the network.