Hydrodynamics, Quantum Anomalies, and Gravitation

一位古代哲学家很早以前就指出，“万物皆有流”。在物理学中，流动的东西是由流体动力学描述的，流体动力学是在精确的数学意义上控制流动的方程式的集合。许多不同的物理系统可能以相同的方式流动，这是由其微观成分的对称性决定的。 几年前，人们认识到黑洞也可能以与液体完全相同的方式流动。因此，流体动力学的研究转化为黑洞动力学的研究，反之亦然。与这种黑洞/流体对应相关的液体是高度量子力学的，似乎与布鲁克海文的相对论重离子对撞机和欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机产生的夸克-胶子等离子体的流动方式几乎相同。黑洞和量子液体之间的这种联系，加上由于实验重离子计划而重新引起人们对相对论流体力学的兴趣，最近在这个领域取得了与经典流体力学一样古老的重要进展。 这项提议将侧重于理解相对论流体，特别是它们与黑洞物理的联系。要探索的问题包括宏观流体流动、热和量子涨落、关联、量子力学异常以及相关的物理效应。

An ancient philosopher pointed out some time ago that "everything flows". In Physics, things which flow are described by fluid dynamics, a collection of equations governing the flow in a precise mathematical sense. Many different physical systems may flow in the same way, as determined by the symmetry of their microscopic constituents. Several years ago, it was understood that black holes may also flow, in exactly the same way liquids do. Thus the study of fluid dynamics translates to the study of black hole dynamics, and vice versa. The liquids relevant to this black-hole/fluid correspondence are highly quantum-mechanical, and seem to flow in virtually the same way as the quark-gluon plasma created at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven, and at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. This connection between black holes and quantum liquids combined with the renewed interest in relativistic hydrodynamics due the experimental heavy-ion program has recently led to important progress in the field as old as classical fluid dynamics. This proposal will focus on understanding relativistic fluids, specifically in their connection with black hole physics. The questions to be explored include macroscopic fluid flows, thermal and quantum fluctuations, correlations, quantum-mechanical anomalies, and the associated physical effects.