GRID INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

环境保护意识的提高和减少温室气体排放的愿望导致了分布式可再生能源的更高利用率。因此，电网正在从使用大型、远程化石燃料发电机转变为使用较小的、就地嵌入的可再生能源发电机。放松管制导致了行业内竞争的加剧，以及对提高效率的渴望。此外，随着电力系统、电力电子、信息技术、通信和传感器等不同技术的融合，电网现在可以通过智能管理系统转变为能够高度协调运行的真正智能电网，以充分发挥其潜力。 我的研究计划集中在系统研究上，以展示智能电网实施中的机会和弱点。将会研究的问题涉及： -馈线中的双向电力流动及其对变压器等关键电网部件的影响，这些部件将经历频繁的通电/断电循环。由于电压压力和其他电能质量问题(如产生谐波)，这将导致设备寿命缩短。 -智能电网组件，即故障电流限制器、转换开关和协调传统设备和现代设备整合所需的其他保护设备。 -可再生能源整合问题，这将需要先进的转换器及其控制器从可变电压/频率向以固定电压/频率运行的电网供电。节约和需求管理(CDM)问题特别利用存储组件和使用时间控制器。 虽然传统电网向新智能电网的转型已经开始，但全面实施可能需要数十年的时间才能达到所需的运营灵活性、安全性和效率水平。这项研究将对电力公用事业公司、顾问和电气设备制造商有用。这将使电力系统规划者、运营者和公用事业公司的调试人员受益。这项研究将为HQP的培训提供大量机会，并允许大学与当地分销公司(LDC)、顾问和制造商进行合作。产生的知识产权将为智能电网的行为和运营提供更深层次的洞察。在这一领域，HQP在全球范围内存在短缺。未来十年将在基础设施方面进行巨额投资，以更新老化的遗留电网组件。

The increased awareness for environmental preservation and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has caused a higher utilization of distributed renewable energy sources. As a result, the electrical grid is changing from utilizing large, remote fossil-fuel based generators to smaller, locally-embedded renewable energy generators. Deregulation has caused increased competition within the industry and a desire for improved efficiency. Furthermore, with the convergence of different technologies such as power systems, power electronics, information technology, communication and sensors, the grid can now be transformed into a truly smart grid capable of operating in a highly coordinated manner through intelligent management systems to realize its full potential. My research program concentrates on system studies to demonstrate the opportunities and expose the weaknesses in the smart grid implementation. The problems that will be studied relate to: - Two-way power flow in the feeders and its impact on critical grid components such as transformers which will be subjected to frequent energizing/de-energizing cycles. This will lead to reduced equipment life-span due to voltage stresses and other power quality issues (such as harmonic generation). - Smart grid components i.e. fault current limiters, transfer switches and other protection equipment needed to coordinate the integration of both legacy and modern-age equipment. - Renewable energy integration issues which will need advanced converters and their controllers to feed in power from a variable voltage/frequency into a grid that is operating at a fixed voltage/frequency. Conservation and Demand Management (CDM) issues specially taking advantage of storage components and Time-of-Use controllers. Although transformation of the legacy grid towards the new smart grid has already begun, its full implementation may take decades before reaching a desired level of operational flexibility, security and efficiency. This research will be useful for power utilities, consultants and manufacturers of electrical equipment. It will benefit the power system planners, operators and commissioning members of utilities. This research will provide ample opportunities for the training of HQP and allow university collaboration with local distribution companies (LDCs), consultants and manufacturers. The intellectual property generated will provide deeper insight into smart grid behavior and operation. There is a global shortage of HQP in this field. The next decade will see huge investments in infrastructure for the renewal of the aging legacy grid components.