Impact of BHV-1 tegument proteins on the innate response to infection and virion morphogenesis.

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Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) has a severe impact on growth, milk production, and international livestock trade, thus being responsible for major economic damage to the cattle industry worldwide. In North America BoHV-1 is part of the bovine respiratory disease complex, which costs the cattle industry >1 billion dollars each year. In addition, BoHV-1 is an emerging virus in buffalo. Herpesviruses are composed of four concentric compartments, the nucleoprotein core, capsid, tegument and envelope. Tegument proteins are the first to interact with the intracellular environment and at a later stage associate to create the tegument of new virions. Some herpesvirus tegument proteins have important functions, for instance in regulation of transcription and in virus morphogenesis. The mechanism and site of BoHV-1 tegument formation, and the functions of its protein components are largely unknown.