Regulation of mRNA Translation During Cellular Stress and Apoptosis

基因表达的过程在不同水平上受到严格调控，包括转录、翻译和翻译后步骤。在翻译水平上对基因表达的调节使细胞能够快速地重新编程蛋白质输出，以响应压力刺激。在应激条件下，由于关键的真核生物翻译起始因子(EIF)的修饰，整体mRNA翻译(规范翻译)减少。然而，另一种翻译启动的方法(非规范翻译)允许产生管理应激条件所需的蛋白质。例如，支持生存和支持死亡的蛋白质的产生都通过非规范的翻译机制进行调节。因此，非正则翻译被认为在细胞应激过程中起着核心作用。

The process of gene expression is tightly regulated at various levels including transcriptional, translational and post-translational steps. The regulation of gene expression at the translational level allows cells to rapidly reprogram protein output in response to stress stimuli. During stress conditions, global mRNA translation (canonical translation) is reduced due to modification of key eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). However, the alternative means of translation initiation (non-canonical translation) allow production of proteins that are required to manage stress conditions. For example, the production of both pro-survival and pro-death proteins is regulated via non-canonical translation mechanisms. Thus, the non-canonical translation is considered to play a central role during cellular stress.