Cellular and molecular studies of adaptive survival responses induced by mild heat stress at 40°C in mammalian cells

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Stress response pathways allow cells to sense and respond to adverse environmental changes. Sub-lethal doses of different stresses (reactive oxygen species (ROS), heat shock, environmental toxins) can induce adaptive survival responses that allow cells and organisms to continue normal function in the face of an adverse stimulus. Adaptive responses are mediated by a core group of powerful anti-apoptotic genes (heat shock proteins (Hsp), antioxidants) that protect against diverse toxic stresses and enable the cell to survive. An adaptive response could counteract stress-induced damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and/or increase tolerance to such damage. If the adaptive response cannot protect the cell, then the damaged cell would be eliminated by apoptosis and/or necroptosis.