Understanding the roles of diacylglycerol acyltransferases in triacylglycerol biosynthesis and storage

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Triacylglycerol (TG) is quantitatively the most important storage form of metabolic energy for most living organisms. TGs consist of a glycerol backbone to which three fatty acids are attached. Because they are highly reduced and anhydrous, TGs are capable of providing much more energy than carbohydrate or protein. Eukaryotic organisms store TGs in cytosolic lipid droplets that can be metabolized during periods of nutrient deprivation when energy requirements are not being satisfied. Plants store large quantities of TGs in seeds that are used as energy for seedling growth and development.