Changes in circuit motif during evolution of a species-specific behavior.

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Evolution has generated an enormous variety of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits in animals. Decades of research have shown that variation in the regulatory regions of particular genes is associated with species differences in morphology (e.g., wing pattern). But how do behaviors evolve in different directions in species equipped with similar neurons and molecular components? Solving these mysteries requires an understanding of the relationship between evolutionarily adaptive changes in behavior and structural/functional changes in neural circuits.