Investigating the biogenesis of plant peroxisomes: the role of the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane protein targeting, and pMVB formation

研究植物过氧化物酶体的生物合成：内质网的作用、膜蛋白靶向和 pMVB 形成

• 批准号: 217291-2013
• 负责人: Mullen, Robert
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=630279
• 关键词: Investigating; biogenesis; plant; peroxisomes; role

A hallmark of eukaryotic cells is the compartmentalization or "division of labor" of distinct metabolic pathways into separate subcellular organelles, a process that is ensured by the proper intracellular trafficking of protein constituents to each organelle. Research described in this grant application is aimed at gaining an understanding of the biogenesis (assembly and maintenance) of peroxisomes - organelles that are found in virtually all eukaryotic cells and are highly dynamic in regards to their shapes, motility and metabolic functions. They are also important sites for the development of some viral pathogens. Indeed, scientists now appreciate that peroxisomes participate in far more processes than previously proposed and that, as new discoveries continue to be made, even more unexpected roles for peroxisomes will likely be uncovered. The emphasis of the planned research is on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of peroxisomes in plant cells, specifically the role the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as the membrane template for the formation and maintenance of (new) peroxisomes, the intracellular trafficking of peroxisomal membrane proteins, and the strategies that viruses employ in order to exploit peroxisomes for their replication within infected plant cells. Overall, state-of-the-art interdisciplinary and complementary approaches will be utilized in order to enhance our basic knowledge of plant biology, including the fundamental processes of peroxisome assembly and the mechanisms of virus replication. These studies will be important also in a broader context since the results can be applied to our understanding of (conserved) peroxisome functioning in other organisms, such as in humans where defects in peroxisome biogenesis underlie several inherited diseases. Ultimately, this research will not only aid in the future rational design of important Canadian agriculture crop plants to produce important nutritional and industrial bioproducts that rely on proper intracellular protein trafficking and peroxisome-related functions, but also provide excellent training opportunities for the development of scientists who will be well prepared for careers in Canadian academia, government or industry.

真核细胞的一个标志是不同代谢途径的区室化或“劳动分工”进入单独的亚细胞器，这是一个通过蛋白质组分向每个细胞器的适当细胞内运输来确保的过程。本资助申请中描述的研究旨在了解过氧化物酶体的生物发生（组装和维持）-几乎所有真核细胞中都存在的细胞器，并且在其形状，运动性和代谢功能方面具有高度动态性。它们也是一些病毒病原体发展的重要场所。事实上，科学家们现在意识到过氧化物酶体参与的过程比以前提出的要多得多，而且随着新的发现不断出现，过氧化物酶体可能会发现更多意想不到的作用。计划研究的重点是阐明植物细胞中过氧化物酶体生物发生的分子机制，特别是内质网（ER）作为（新）过氧化物酶体形成和维持的膜模板的作用，过氧化物酶体膜蛋白的细胞内运输，以及病毒为了利用过氧化物酶体在受感染的植物细胞内复制而采用的策略。总体而言，国家的最先进的跨学科和互补的方法将被利用，以提高我们的植物生物学的基础知识，包括过氧化物酶体组装的基本过程和病毒复制的机制。这些研究在更广泛的背景下也将是重要的，因为这些结果可以应用于我们对其他生物体中（保守的）过氧化物酶体功能的理解，例如在人类中，过氧化物酶体生物合成的缺陷是几种遗传性疾病的基础。最终，这项研究不仅有助于未来合理设计重要的加拿大农业作物植物，以生产依赖于适当的细胞内蛋白质运输和过氧化物酶体相关功能的重要营养和工业生物产品，而且还为科学家的发展提供了极好的培训机会，这些科学家将为加拿大学术界，政府或工业界的职业生涯做好准备。