Neurobiology of the reading system

阅读系统的神经生物学

• 批准号: 418630-2012
• 负责人: Brambati, SimonaMaria
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631326
• 关键词: Neurobiology; reading; system

The role of the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) in the reading of exception words (i.e. words with atypical spelling-to-sound correspondence, such as 'yatch' and 'colonel') has been subject of intense debate in the field of neurobiology of language. This obscurity remains primarily because patient data and neuroimaging studies on healthy subjects have provided contradictory results. Patient data have consistently shown that the ability to read exception words is mediated by the semantic memory system (i.e., the memory system that is responsible for conceptual knowledge) and is associated with the integrity of the anterior temporal lobes. However, functional imaging studies on healthy subjects have failed to confirm these findings and have shown no significant ATL activation during exception word reading. In our recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we used functional acquisition parameters optimized for imaging the ATLs and low-frequency word stimuli to investigate the role of ATLs in exception word reading in young healthy subjects. For the first time we reported a significant ATL activation in healthy subjects who were engaged in an exception word reading task. The novelty of this finding and the successful employment of MRI parameters optimized for ATL functional imaging motivated my interest in developing a new line of research that evaluates the nature of the semantic processes involved in exception word reading, the role of the ATLs and their interactions with other language systems. The present research program represents the first step of a more global career plan, which I will devote to studying the basic neurobiology of language and its interactions with different memory systems. I believe that this innovative line of research and the employment state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques will contribute significant advancements in this field and can provide valuable knowledge pertaining to the development of reading training programs and softwares and reading rehabilitation strategies.

前颞叶（anterior temporal lobes，ATLs）在异常词（如“yatch”和“colonel”）的阅读中的作用一直是语言神经生物学领域激烈争论的主题。这种模糊主要是因为患者数据和健康受试者的神经影像学研究提供了相互矛盾的结果。患者数据一致地表明，阅读异常词的能力是由语义记忆系统介导的（即，负责概念性知识的记忆系统）并且与前颞叶的完整性相关联。然而，对健康受试者的功能成像研究未能证实这些发现，并显示在异常词阅读过程中没有显着的ATL激活。在我们最近的功能性磁共振成像研究中，我们使用功能性采集参数优化的ATLs和低频字刺激成像，以调查的作用，ATLs异常字阅读在年轻的健康受试者。我们第一次报道了一个显着的ATL激活健康受试者谁是从事异常字阅读任务。这一发现的新奇和成功就业的MRI参数优化ATL功能成像激发了我的兴趣，在开发一个新的研究路线，评估的性质，涉及异常词阅读的语义过程中，ATL的作用和它们与其他语言系统的相互作用。目前的研究计划代表了一个更全球化的职业计划的第一步，我将致力于研究语言的基本神经生物学及其与不同记忆系统的相互作用。我相信，这一创新的研究和就业国家的最先进的神经影像技术将有助于显着的进步，在这一领域，并可以提供有关的阅读培训计划和软件和阅读康复策略的发展有价值的知识。