Electrophysiological and behavioural measures of bilingual lexical processing

虽然最近在确定双语对语言理解的影响方面取得了实质性进展，但关于双语在词汇处理的正字法、语音和语义层面上引起微妙变化的方式，仍有许多有待了解的地方。本研究项目旨在修正单语视觉和口语识别时间过程的前沿模型，以考虑双语的影响，包括：(a)非目标语言信息对视觉和口语识别的影响；(b)说话者的特征（如熟练程度、习得年龄）如何改变双语对语言加工的影响；(c)双语者神经认知加工的变化对语言加工的影响。为了回答这些问题，我们使用行为和ERP方法。我们提出了三组实验来检验：1)非目标语言正字法和语音竞争对手在听觉和视觉模式下对单词识别的作用（具体目标1）；2)单语者的语义效应在多大程度上也适用于双语者，以及二语语义信息对母语加工的影响（Specific Aim 2）；3)双语者的神经认知变化及其影响语言处理的方式（具体目标3）。本研究将为培养3名研究生和若干名本科生提供基础。荣誉学生和研究生以及其他HQP在我的实验室接受心理语言学、认知心理学和认知神经科学方法的培训。受训者参与研究的各个方面：概念化、刺激选择、实验设计、受试者招募、行为和ERP任务的准备和规划、数据收集和分析。他们还接受了神经认知任务管理、结果解释和稿件准备方面的培训。

While substantial recent progress has been made in establishing the effects of bilingualism on language comprehension, much remains to be understood about the ways in which bilingualism gives rise to subtle alterations at orthographic, phonological and semantic levels of lexical processing. The present program of research aims to modify cutting-edge models of the timecourse of monolingual visual and spoken word recognition to take into account the effects of bilingualism, including: (a) the effects of non-target language information on visual and spoken word recognition; (b) the ways in which speaker characteristics (e.g., proficiency, age of acquisition) modify the effects of bilingualism on language processing; and (c) the impact on language processing of changes in neurocognitive processing in bilinguals. To answer these questions, we use behavioural and ERP methods. We propose three sets of experiments examining:1) the role of non-target language orthographic and phonological competitors on word recognition in both auditory and visual modalities (Specific Aim 1);2) the extent to which semantic effects attested in monolinguals are also observed in bilinguals, and the effect of L2 semantic information on L1 processing (Specific Aim 2);3) neurocognitive changes that occur with bilingualism, and the ways in which they influence language processing (Specific Aim 3).The proposed research will provide a basis for training 3 graduate students and several undergraduate students. Honours and graduate students and other HQP receive training in psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience methods in my lab. Trainees are involved in all aspects of the research: conceptualization, stimulus selection, experimental design, subject recruitment, preparation and programming of behavioral, and ERP tasks, and data collection and analysis. They are also trained in administration of neurocognitive tasks, interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation.