fMRI and patient studies of remote spatial and episodic memory

远程空间和情景记忆的功能磁共振成像和患者研究

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04238
• 负责人: Rosenbaum, RShayna
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631370
• 关键词: fMRI; patient; studies; remote; spatial

Remembering past personal experiences (episodic memory) and how to get around in our home or neighbourhood (spatial memory) are both crucial for daily life. Without episodic memory, we are unable to re-experience our most cherished moments or to recall critical information that may be necessary to everyday function; without spatial memory, we literally would be lost. This proposal is concerned with how these types of memories relate to one another and how they are represented in the brain. Our ability to learn and retain new episodic and spatial memories depends on the hippocampus, a structure deep in the temporal lobes: damage to the hippocampus impairs memory for recently experienced events and spatial environments. My trainees and I showed that very old (remote) episodic and spatial memories that are highly detailed and precise continue to depend on the hippocampus, and that its role extends beyond memory to include imagining of detailed future episodes. In contrast, more schematic remote spatial memories (skeletal “maps” of major roads and landmarks) do not seem to depend on the hippocampus and instead rely on other brain structures, such as parietal cortex.

记住过去的个人经历（情景记忆）和如何在家里或邻居周围走动（空间记忆）对日常生活都至关重要。没有情景记忆，我们就无法重新体验我们最珍惜的时刻，也无法回忆起日常生活中可能需要的关键信息;没有空间记忆，我们真的会迷路。这一提议关注的是这些类型的记忆如何相互关联，以及它们如何在大脑中呈现。我们学习和保留新的情景和空间记忆的能力取决于海马体，海马体是颞叶深处的一个结构：海马体的损伤会损害对最近经历的事件和空间环境的记忆。我和我的学员们发现，非常古老的（遥远的）情节记忆和空间记忆仍然依赖于海马体，而且海马体的作用不仅限于记忆，还包括对未来情节的想象。相比之下，更多的示意性远程空间记忆（主要道路和地标的骨架“地图”）似乎并不依赖于海马体，而是依赖于其他大脑结构，如顶叶皮层。