Ecological drivers of nitrogen cycling and primary productivity in changing Arctic and sub-arctic seas.

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The marine ecosystems bordering Canada provide numerous benefits of economic, societal and environmental value, including maintenance of the diversity of species and habitats that support food webs, culture, coastal livelihoods, resource extraction, carbon storage and climate regulation. Climate-driven pressures on those services are fastest and deepest in the Arctic Ocean (AO), where the ocean is impacted in different concurrent ways by warming, acidification, the demise of sea ice and ensuing changes in freshwater loading and upper ocean dynamics. Because these changes necessarily impact primary production, which sets an upper limit to the amount of harvestable resources produced by the sea and its impact on carbon storage and climate regulation, the