The Ecology of Northern Spiders

北方蜘蛛的生态学

• 批准号: 261399-2013
• 负责人: Buddle, Christopher
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=632159
• 关键词: Ecology; Northern; Spiders

The small creatures of the world, including insects and spiders, are essential to the health of our ecosystems, and are especially important in Canada's north. These animals are being affected by shifts in their environment, including climate change. In some cases, these effects are most acute in the north and as such, the ecology and biology of northern insects and spiders requires significant research attention and support. Spiders are among the most common terrestrial animals to inhabit tundra ecosystems, they represent a key food resource for insectivorous birds, and there are hundreds of spider species occurring in Canada's north. My research program will study the ecology of spiders in northern boreal, sub-Arctic and Arctic ecosystems. My research will first seek to determine what governs populations of wolf spiders, which are the largest and most abundant northern spiders. The factors that govern their populations, which in turn affect the biology of their predators (e.g., birds), is unknown. Second, my research will collect and determine the diversity of shrub-dwelling spiders along the ecological transition from the northern-boreal to the sub-arctic tundra in the Yukon Territory. This biodiversity assessment will increase our knowledge of this fauna, which has never been quantified in northern Canada. Third, the research will seek to determine patterns in the biogeography of the most diverse spiders in the north - the Linyphiidae (sheet-web spiders). Fourth, my research will build an Arctic food-web, using spiders as a key trophic node since they are important as prey and predators in the north. Fifth, through work with northern communities, my research will help to establish the first spider monitoring program across northern Canada: a program that will include all people with an interest in northern wildlife, and a program that will gather critical long-term data about Canada's Arctic. Benchmarking the ecological dynamics of northern animals, including spiders, will help Canada better understand the long-term environmental changes occurring in its northern regions.

世界上的小生物，包括昆虫和蜘蛛，对我们生态系统的健康至关重要，在加拿大北部尤为重要。这些动物正在受到环境变化（包括气候变化）的影响。在某些情况下，这些影响在北方最为严重，因此，需要对北方昆虫和蜘蛛的生态和生物学进行大量研究，并给予支持。蜘蛛是栖息在苔原生态系统中最常见的陆生动物之一，它们是食虫鸟类的主要食物资源，加拿大北部有数百种蜘蛛物种。我的研究项目将研究蜘蛛在北方、亚北极和北极生态系统中的生态学。我的研究将首先试图确定是什么控制着狼蛛的种群，狼蛛是最大和最丰富的北方蜘蛛。控制其种群的因素，反过来又影响其捕食者的生物学（例如，鸟，是未知的。第二，我的研究将收集和确定灌木栖息蜘蛛的多样性沿着生态过渡从北方到亚北极苔原在育空地区领土。这种生物多样性评估将增加我们对这种动物群的了解，这在加拿大北方从未被量化过。第三，这项研究将寻求确定北方最多样化的蜘蛛-Linyphiidae（网蜘蛛）的地理分布模式。第四，我的研究将建立一个北极食物网，使用蜘蛛作为一个关键的营养节点，因为它们是北方重要的猎物和捕食者。第五，通过与北方社区的合作，我的研究将有助于在加拿大北方建立第一个蜘蛛监测计划：一个包括所有对北方野生动物感兴趣的人的计划，以及一个收集加拿大北极地区重要长期数据的计划。以包括蜘蛛在内的北方动物的生态动态为基准，将有助于加拿大更好地了解其北方地区发生的长期环境变化。