Unconventional Petroleum Reservoirs: fluid-rock interactions and induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing and reservoir characterisation

在过去的15年里，北美的油气生产模式发生了转变，从常规的渗透性油藏转向超低渗透率的非常规油藏。非常规资源的开采是通过在高压下注入大量(数百万升)流体，在油藏中水力地形成可渗透的裂缝网络来实现的。一些地区的水力压裂过程会导致异常诱发地震活动(AIS)，所使用的流体可能会损害储层，并被一些人视为潜在污染物。非常规碳氢化合物资源的可持续发展目前面临的最重要的问题是人工智能系统的可能性以及与大量使用的流体相关的实际或预期问题。我们的研究将有助于：1)预防和/或缓解水力压裂引起的AIS；2)了解流体-岩石相互作用，以最大限度地减少对储层和流体的伤害；以及3)更好地描述储层特征，以优化勘探和生产。

Over the last 15 years there has been a paradigm shift in North America from hydrocarbon production from conventional, permeable reservoirs to ultra-low permeability, unconventional reservoirs. The exploitation of unconventional resources is made possible by injection of large volumes (millions of litres) of fluid at high pressures to hydraulically create a permeable fracture network in the reservoir. The process of hydraulically fracturing in some areas result in anomalous induced seismicity (AIS), and the fluids used may damage the reservoir and are viewed by some as potential contaminants. The potential for AIS and real or perceived problems associated with the large volume of fluid utilised are the most important issues currently facing sustainable development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Our research will contribute to: 1) prevention and/or mitigation of AIS due to hydraulic fracturing; 2) understanding fluid rock interactions to minimize reservoir and fluid damage; and 3) better characterisation of reservoirs to optimise exploration and production.