Dynamics and Change of Canadian Arctic Glaciers

加拿大北极冰川的动态和变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05324
• 负责人: Sharp, Martin
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633904
• 关键词: Dynamics; Change; Canadian; Arctic; Glaciers

Over 600 million people live within 10m elevation of current sea level, and 270 million people and $13 trillion US of assets are exposed to the 1 in 100 year extreme sea level. Understanding how rapidly sea level will rise (and why) is critical for decision making about how/when/whether to respond to this threat, much of which results from melting of the world’s ice sheets and glaciers. Canada’s Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI) contain 19% of the world’s glaciated area outside Greenland and Antarctica. If these glaciers and ice caps melted completely, global average sea level would rise by over 10 cm. Each year between 2003 and 2009, these glaciers added about 60 billion tons of water to the global ocean, equivalent to 0.16 mm of sea level rise. Glacier melt rates during this period were probably the highest in over 4000 years, and they approached rates last encountered during the Holocene thermal maximum ~9000 years ago. These high melt rates are attributable to strong summer warming after 2005, linked to unusually persistent high pressure systems over the region. My research program aims to document the recent history of glacier change in the QEI and its implications for global average sea level, to identify the processes by which this change is occurring and the factors that control the rate of change, and to develop the capability to predict what rates of change we might expect in future.

超过6亿人生活在目前海平面海拔10米的范围内，2.7亿人和13万亿美元的资产暴露在百年一遇的极端海平面下。了解海平面上升的速度（以及原因）对于如何/何时/是否应对这一威胁的决策至关重要，其中大部分威胁来自世界冰盖和冰川的融化。加拿大的伊丽莎白女王群岛（QEI）拥有格陵兰岛和南极洲以外世界冰川面积的19%。如果这些冰川和冰盖完全融化，全球平均海平面将上升10厘米以上。从2003年到2009年，这些冰川每年为全球海洋增加约600亿吨水，相当于海平面上升0.16毫米。这一时期的冰川融化率可能是4000多年来最高的，接近9000年前全新世热峰期的最高融化率。这些高融化率可归因于2005年后夏季的强烈变暖，与该地区异常持续的高压系统有关。我的研究项目旨在记录QEI冰川变化的近期历史及其对全球平均海平面的影响，以确定这种变化发生的过程和控制变化率的因素，并发展预测我们未来可能预期的变化率的能力。