Monitoring and Modelling Lake Ice in Canada

加拿大湖冰监测和建模

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05316
• 负责人: Brown, Laura
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=633998
• 关键词: Monitoring; Modelling; Lake; Ice; Canada

Canada’s lakes are a dominant part of the landscape and experience ice cover in most regions of the country. Lake ice is sensitive to climate variability and changes occurring in lake ice regimes in recent years have been primarily noted through modelling and satellite data since the ground based observation network in Canada essentially ceased to exist by the late 1990s. Satellite imagery can be very useful for monitoring the timing of ice-on/off, however, it currently has limited use for determining ice thickness. Lake ice models present a suitable option for examining ice duration and thickness processes as well as climate influenced changes to the ice cover of lakes. Complicating both modelling and monitoring efforts are the spatial aspects of lakes. Ice cover may not form or decay uniformly across a lake surface, or across lakes in close proximity. This is due to the ice formation and decay being affected by the lake size and shape, as well as the overlying snow cover, which can result in spatially varying ice thickness.

加拿大的湖泊是景观的主要部分，在该国大部分地区都有冰盖。湖冰对气候变化很敏感，近年来湖冰状况发生的变化主要是通过建模和卫星数据注意到的，因为加拿大的地面观测网络到1990年代末基本上已不复存在。卫星图像对于监测冰的出现/消失的时间非常有用，但是，目前它在确定冰的厚度方面的用途有限。湖冰模型为研究冰的持续时间和厚度过程以及气候影响下的湖泊冰盖变化提供了一个合适的选择。使建模和监测工作复杂化的是湖泊的空间方面。冰盖的形成或衰减可能不会均匀地分布在湖面上，也不会均匀地分布在附近的湖泊上。这是由于冰的形成和衰减受到湖泊大小和形状以及覆盖的积雪的影响，这可能导致冰的厚度在空间上变化。