Release of Multiple Contaminants from Mine Waste Materials

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Large volumes of waste rocks are generated by mining and mineral beneficiation activities. When these materials are exposed to water and air, various toxic elements, such as selenium, arsenic, nickel, and cadmium, may be leached out and mobilized to receiving waters and soil, resulting in significant impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. These elements tend to occur and are released together, more often with different release dynamics, therefore posing complex environmental and ecological risks.