Energy Production and Storage in Bioelectrochemical Systems

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Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) were introduced only about 15 years ago. Nevertheless, these systems have attracted considerable attention of the scientific and engineering communities as demonstrated by an exponentially growing number of publications and several scale-up attempts. Wastewater treatment was one of the first proposed BES applications and it remains at the focus of research efforts worldwide, as this technology perfectly fits future scenarios of renewable energy production. Advances in understanding the microbiology of BESs and improved electrode materials have led to orders-of-magnitude performance increase. Yet, both capital and operating costs of BES-based wastewater treatment systems remain high, thus requiring further research in improved process design and control.