The Limits of Reconsolidation: Understanding the Nature and Boundaries of Fear Memory Reconsolidation Using the Reactivation-Extinction Paradigm

重新巩固的局限性：使用重新激活-消退范式了解恐惧记忆重新巩固的本质和界限

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05379
• 负责人: Ashbaugh, Andrea
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=644202
• 关键词: Limits; Reconsolidation; Understanding; Nature; Boundaries

* * * *** * Normal* 0* * * * * false* false* false* * EN-US* JA* X-NONE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **** /* Style Definitions */*table.MsoNormalTable* {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";* mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;* mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;* mso-style-noshow:yes;* mso-style-priority:99;* mso-style-parent:"";* mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;* mso-para-margin:0cm;* mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;* mso-pagination:widow-orphan;* font-size:12.0pt;* font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;* mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}****In the past decade, there has been a large*shift in our understanding of how memory works. *The former notion of memory as a relatively static entity has gradually*been replaced with the notion of memory as a dynamic process.  This shift has occurred largely because of*animal research demonstrating that when fearful memories are reactivated they*may enter a labile period during which they can be updated.  There has been some research on the*reconsolidation of fear memories in humans, but this research is limited.  Many of the pharmaceuticals used to block*reconsolidation in animal research are unsafe for humans. Recent innovations*have resulted in safe non-pharmaceutical methods of studying reconsolidation.  These methods more accurately reflect how*reconsolidation might occur in the natural world. The aim of my research is to*extend our understanding of the reconsolidation of fear memories in humans*using these new methods. Objective one will examine the boundary conditions of*reconsolidation in humans.  A series of six*studies will explore how the age and strength of the original memory, as well*as the timing and strength of reactivation influences whether a fear memory will*be updated.  I will also examine whether*a tendency to report being highly fearful influences the likelihood of fear*memories updating.  This series of*studies will help us to understand how fear memory reconsolidation works in*humans.  Objective two will extend our*understanding of the role of reconsolidation in memory and cognition in general.  Most research has inferred that*reconsolidation has occurred by observing the absence of fear memory often one*day after reconsolidation has occurred. If the function of reconsolidation is*to update the memory then other types of information may be incorporated, such*as new details pertaining to the content of the memory.  Two studies will explore whether fear*memories can be updated rather than simply being eliminated. Such knowledge*will ultimately enable the development of translational research investigating*how reconsolidation could be used to reduce rates of relapse in the treatment*of fear-based disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety*disorders.   Results from my program of*research will contribute to a growing body of basic research on learning and*memory reconsolidation in humans and help us to understand why and how*reconsolidation occurs. ***

* * * *** * 正常* 0* * * * * false* false* false* * EN-US* JA* X-NONE* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * **** /* 样式定义 */*table.MsoNormalTable* {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";* mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;* mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;* mso-style-noshow:yes;* mso-style-priority:99;* mso-style-parent:"";* mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;* mso-para-margin:0cm;* mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;* mso-pagination:widow-orphan;* 字体大小:12.0pt;* 字体系列:Cambria;* mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;* mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;* mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;* mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}****在过去的十年中，我们对记忆如何工作的理解发生了巨大的转变。 *以前的记忆作为相对静态实体的概念已逐渐*被记忆作为动态过程的概念所取代。  这种转变的发生很大程度上是因为*动物研究表明，当恐惧记忆被重新激活时，它们*可能会进入一个不稳定的时期，在此期间它们可以被更新。  已经有一些关于人类恐惧记忆重新巩固的研究，但这项研究是有限的。  动物研究中用于阻断*再巩固的许多药物对人类来说是不安全的。最近的创新*带来了研究再巩固的安全非药物方法。  这些方法更准确地反映了自然世界中如何发生重新巩固。我研究的目的是使用这些新方法*扩展我们对人类恐惧记忆重新巩固的理解。目标一将检查人类重新巩固的边界条件。  一系列六项研究将探讨原始记忆的年龄和强度，以及重新激活的时间和强度如何影响恐惧记忆是否会被更新。  我还将研究报告高度恐惧的倾向是否会影响恐惧记忆更新的可能性。  这一系列*研究将帮助我们了解*人类的恐惧记忆重新巩固是如何发挥作用的。  目标二将扩展我们对记忆和认知再巩固作用的理解。  大多数研究通过观察恐惧记忆的消失（通常是在重新巩固发生后的一天）来推断重新巩固已经发生。如果重新巩固的功能是更新记忆，那么可以合并其他类型的信息，例如与记忆内容有关的新细节。  两项研究将探讨恐惧*记忆是否可以更新而不是简单地消除。这些知识*最终将促进转化研究的发展，调查*如何利用再巩固来降低治疗*基于恐惧的疾病（如创伤后应激障碍和焦虑*障碍）的复发率。   我的研究计划的结果将有助于越来越多的关于人类学习和记忆重新巩固的基础研究，并帮助我们理解重新巩固发生的原因和方式。 ***