Evaluation of a Hand-held 3D Laser Scanner for Change Detection and Discontinuity Characterization**

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In the early stages of any geotechnical project, information on the engineering properties and structure of the rock mass from existing rock exposures is obtained. Static Terrestrial Remote Sensing (TRS) techniques such as 3D laser scanning are common tools for geotechnical data collection. Recent advancements in robotics have led to the development of mobile mapping systems based on the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm. SLAM-based laser scanning systems allow for rapid profiling and mapping structures. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning how to effectively deploy this technology in active mining environments, where time and space for data collection are often limited. Clickmox Solution Inc. (Sudbury, ON) develops products and provides services to the underground mining industry in the areas of robotics and 3D laser scanning. Clickmox is looking into expanding their services and enhancing the application of their products to change detection and discontinuity characterization in both underground and surface mines. The first objective of this project is to determine the accuracy of their SLAM-based laser scanner for change detection and deformation monitoring. For this purpose, the scanner will be first evaluated under a controlled laboratory setting at Dalhousie University. Further experiments will involve scanning the face of a rock slope to better understand how this system should be operated under field conditions to achieve the claimed accuracy. In the next step, the scanner will be assessed for rock discontinuity characterization. The results of the proposed project will enable Clickmox to expand their services to rock mass characterization as part of geomechanical designs for both surface and underground mining. The results of this project may also open possibilities for Clickmox to develop new products with higher accuracy suitable for harsh mining environments, leading to strengthening their status as a developer in Canada. This project will provide a strong platform for the training of Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP), as laser scanning technology is being increasingly used in mining and civil industries.**********