Ice Dynamics and Cryospheric Changes in Northern Canada

我的研究计划的中心目标是量化和解释最近的波动与加拿大北部冰川、冰帽、冰架和冰山的动态和质量平衡之间的相互联系。我们目前知识中的一个关键差距是冰川的表面速度分布及其时间变异性，这限制了我们确定冰川通量和冰山崩解率的能力。未来的工作将集中在这些冰块的运动如何在十年时间尺度上变化及其与地表物质平衡的联系，冰川涌动与气候强迫在推动这些变化中的作用，以及冰-海洋相互作用在推动冰川变化中的意义。测量将以遥感和实地观测相结合的方式进行，包括在阿克塞尔海贝格岛西部、埃尔斯米尔岛东部和育空群岛西南部运行新的和现有的时间消逝相机、气象站和差分全球定位系统监测设备。这项工作将与旨在阐明控制潮水冰川前沿冰山产量的因素以及冰山产量是否随着海冰减少而发生变化的研究相联系。对控制冰架破裂的因素的调查将涉及对埃尔斯米尔岛北部海岸线当前冰川质量输入的遥感测量，以及对加拿大剩余北极冰架的物质平衡及其空间变异性的现场确定。*这些分析的结果将为北极航运模式和风险、控制加拿大北极航运活动的因素以及在海冰减少的情况下这可能如何演变的工作提供信息。这些结果还将提供有关加拿大北极冰块如何应对气候变暖的关键信息，这是准确预测海平面上升及其未来演变所必需的。

The central aim of my research program is to quantify and explain the interconnections between recent fluctuations and the dynamics and mass balance of glaciers, ice caps, ice shelves and icebergs in northern Canada. A key gap in our current knowledge is the surface velocity distribution of glaciers, and its temporal variability, which limits our ability to determine their fluxes and iceberg calving rates. Future work will focus on how the motion of these ice masses varies on decadal timescales and their connections to surface mass balance, the role of glacier surging vs. climate forcing in driving these changes, and the significance of ice-ocean interactions in driving glacier changes. Measurements will be based on a combination of remote sensing and field observations, including the operation of new and existing timelapse cameras, weather stations and differential GPS monitoring equipment on western Axel Heiberg Island, eastern Ellesmere Island and SW Yukon. This work will be connected to studies aimed at elucidating the factors that control iceberg production at the fronts of tidewater glaciers, and whether iceberg production rates are changing in response to reductions in sea ice. Investigations of the factors that control ice shelf breakups will involve remote sensing measurement of current glacier mass inputs to the coastline of northern Ellesmere Island, and field determination of the mass balance of the remaining Canadian Arctic ice shelves and its spatial variability.*** The results of these analyses will inform work on Arctic shipping patterns and risks, and the factors that control shipping activity in the Canadian Arctic and how this may evolve in a regime of decreasing sea ice. These results will also provide critical information as to how ice masses in the Canadian Arctic are responding to a warming climate, which is required for accurate predictions of sea level rise and their future evolution.