Road Safety Engineering and Senior Drivers

道路安全工程和高级驾驶员

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04375
• 负责人: Hildebrand, Eric
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=653562
• 关键词: Road; Safety; Engineering; Senior; Drivers

Road Safety Engineering and Senior Drivers***While there has been much attention directed to the under-performance of older drivers operating private motor vehicles, little is understood regarding their safety experience in settings that involve higher workloads associated with commercial vehicles such as tractor-trailers, transit buses (urban and inter-city), and school buses. Increased complexity of the driving task is compounded with an inability to self-regulate (e.g., avoid peak traffic periods, inclement weather and night-time hours) which is common among senior drivers of private vehicles. A particular concern has been the recent abolition of mandatory retirement policies in most Canadian jurisdictions that were directed toward school bus drivers. It is now possible for all commercial drivers to continue working beyond the traditional retirement age of 65 years. This study will examine the safety performance of different categories of commercial drivers by age cohort in an attempt to quantify the presumed deterioration of safety performance among the older age groups. These results will be beneficial to support policies and/or countermeasures that target the on-going employment of senior drivers.***Another objective of the research program will examine how senior driver crash involvement is responding to changes in vehicle technology and road engineering. While a number of studies have looked at global crash results by different age cohorts, little is understood about the evolution of seniors as the driving environment rapidly changes to include advances in vehicle design, traffic control, and road infrastructure. It is necessary to understand how these changes are affecting both driver crash involvement as well as overall travel mobility so that engineers and policy-makers can respond to changing needs. ****A second vein of research captured under this proposal will address the general area of school zone safety to exploit the researcher's expertise in the road safety engineering field. While much effort has addressed so-called safe routes to schools issues, the traffic control measures used to delineate school areas and zones is generally not founded on observed safety performance. Little is understood about collision experience within school zones, yet extraordinary traffic control measures such as speed display units are currently in high public demand in both urban and rural settings. ********

道路安全工程和高级司机*虽然驾驶私人汽车的老年司机表现不佳引起了人们的极大关注，但对他们在牵引车拖车、公共交通巴士(城市和城际)和校车等与商业车辆相关的较高工作量的环境中的安全经验了解很少。驾驶任务的复杂性增加，加上无法自我调节(例如，避开交通高峰期、恶劣天气和夜间时间)，这在私家车高级司机中很常见。一个特别令人担忧的问题是，加拿大大多数司法管辖区最近取消了针对校车司机的强制退休政策。现在，所有商业司机都可以在65岁的传统退休年龄后继续工作。这项研究将按年龄组检查不同类别商业司机的安全表现，试图量化较年长年龄组的安全表现可能恶化的程度。这些结果将有利于支持针对高级司机持续就业的政策和/或对策。*该研究计划的另一个目标将检查高级司机的撞车参与如何应对车辆技术和道路工程的变化。虽然许多研究关注了不同年龄段的全球撞车结果，但随着驾驶环境的快速变化，包括车辆设计、交通控制和道路基础设施方面的进步，人们对老年人的演变知之甚少。有必要了解这些变化是如何影响司机撞车事件以及整体出行机动性的，以便工程师和政策制定者能够对不断变化的需求做出反应。*根据这项建议进行的第二类研究将涉及学校区域安全的一般领域，以利用研究人员在道路安全工程领域的专业知识。虽然已经做出了很多努力来解决所谓的学校安全路线问题，但用于划定学校区域和区域的交通管制措施通常并不是基于观察到的安全表现。人们对学校区域内的碰撞体验知之甚少，但目前城市和农村地区的公众对速度显示装置等非凡的交通控制措施的需求都很高。********