Production of Animal Nutrient Phosphorus from Incinerated Waste Bone

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Sanimax specializes in collecting and recycling by-products from the agri-food industry. Sanimax is a privately**owned company that began its operations in 1939. Sanimax currently manages a wide range of agri-food**industry waste, and uses them to create useful products at sixteen locations in Canada and the United States.**One large-scale waste product is animal skeletons, which are a by-product of the livestock industry.**After drying, the bone content of the skeleton is approximately 50 % collagen and other proteins, and 50 %**carbonate substituted apatite (cAp) that is rich in phosphorus (P). cAp is a complicated biomineral that contains**calcium, phosphate, carbonate, fluoride, and smaller concentrations of magnesium and sodium. When heat**treated, the carbonate content of carbonate apatite is lost as carbon dioxide, and the remaining mineral is called**hydroxyapatite (HAp). Unfortunately, both carbonate apatite and hydroxyapatite are not effective phosphorus**sources for animal feed, and the fluoride content should be reduced.**The goal of this Engage grant is to test chemical transformation methods to create useful, P-rich animal feed**from the HAp produced by Sanimax's incinerated livestock skeletons. Dissolution of HAp from heat-treated**bone mineral and crystallization of another mineral that is more easily absorbed during digestion, such as**monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM: Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD:**CaHPO4.2H2O) are options for creating useful, P-rich feed materials from raw or heat-treated bone mineral for**Sanimax.