GRACE and GRACE-FO data integration and modelling for geoscience applications

值得注意的是，人们对我们的星球、海洋、大气和北极地区，以及它们对气候和我们所处环境产生深远影响的长期变化，仍然知之甚少。过去对这些变化的监测是通过地面手段和方法进行的，而今天的技术使我们能够以低得多的成本继续从空间进行快速、有效的监测。然而，为了捕捉我们星球的细节，监测卫星必须在低海拔轨道上运行，通常在250-1000公里之间。这意味着卫星持续处于热层，地球大气层的上层，发生许多强烈甚至极端的过程，如高温变化，太阳辐射，磁暴和太阳风等许多其他都可以被描述为“空间天气”。空间天气的极端变化和相应的磁暴会影响我们的卫星，最重要的是，在我们的情况下，以一种不寻常的方式干扰卫星测量。为了从卫星测量中提取有用的信息，必须充分了解并最终消除干扰，这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，在许多情况下是不可能的。我们的研究重点是一组特殊的卫星，即重力恢复和气候实验（GRACE）和GRACE后续卫星，其目的是跟踪地球水体的变化，例如大型湖泊，河流，地下水，土壤水分，冰盖和冰川或固体地球的变化，如构造，大规模滑坡和大地震以及直接反映我们环境和气候变化的大气变化。研究的目的是研究空间天气如何影响这组称为重力卫星的卫星所进行的测量，并制定数学和统计方法，据以大大减少或消除测量中的空间天气影响，并提取关于我们的地球及其多变环境的有用信息。

It is remarkable that still little is known about our planet, its oceans, atmosphere, and arctic regions, as well as their long-term changes that have a profound effect on climate and the environment we leave in. Whereas these changes were monitored in the past with terrestrial means and methods, today's technology allows us to continue the monitoring from space quickly, efficiently and at a much lower cost. However, in order to capture the fine details of our planet, the monitoring satellites must orbit at low altitudes, typically between 250-1000 km. This means that the satellites are continuously in the thermosphere, the upper layer of the Earth's atmosphere where many intense and even extreme processes occur, such as high temperature variations, solar radiation, magnetic storms and solar winds among many others that can all be described as ‘Space Weather'. Extreme variations in space weather and corresponding magnetic storms affect our satellites and most importantly, in our case, disturb the satellite measurements in an unusual way. In order to extract useful information from the satellite measurements, the disturbances must be well understood and eventually eliminated, a task that is very challenging and in many cases impossible. Our research focuses on a particular group of satellites, namely, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE follow-on, whose purpose is to track changes of the Earth's water mass, for instance in large lakes, rivers, underground water, soil moisture, ice sheets, and glaciers or changes in the solid Earth, such as tectonics, large landslides and large earthquakes and atmospheric changes that directly reflect the changes in our environment and climate in particular. The aim of the research is to study how space weather contaminates the measurements taken by this group of satellites known as gravimetric satellites and to develop mathematical and statistical methods by which we can significantly reduce or eliminate the space weather influences from the measurements and extract useful information about our planet and its variable environment.