Trigeneration and district energy: modelling, optimization and advanced applications

将三电联产系统与区域能源相结合，可方便提供电力、供暖和制冷服务。三联产是同时生产三种产品：电、热、冷，而区域能源（DE）包括区域供热和区域供冷。这种系统的应用在工业和建筑中特别普遍。三联产和DE的好处包括相对于电力、加热和冷却的独立过程更高的效率。*******迄今为止的进展表明，三联产和DE特别有益，但在最佳三联产和DE方面，以及在将其应用于建筑物、社区和工业方面，存在关键的知识差距。本提案解决了这些需求。目标是通过有效利用先进的三联发电和DE技术，在效率、可持续性、环境影响和经济方面加强能源系统。主要任务是1)扩展和开发建模、分析和优化三联产和DE系统及其应用的方法和工具；2)发展先进的三联发电和DE技术和系统，重点是无害环境和可持续的选择，特别是建立在可再生能源基础上的选择；3)开发和评估将三联产和DE系统集成到工业和建筑等先进应用中的有益和最佳方法。这项研究将利用先进的工具，如能源法。研究项目的范围包括可持续性、寿命、可靠性和安全性等相关因素。*******所采用的方法将涉及详细的热力学组件和系统建模和仿真，考虑到能量转换以及热和流体流动方面。将开发先进的优化程序，包括多个目标和适当的约束。将酌情考虑其他替代技术。复杂工业和建筑的先进应用将受到特别关注。******所提出的研究将产生许多效益，并在先进能源系统及其应用的工程技术意义重大。特别是，拟议的研究将导致先进的三联发电和区域能源系统的改进/最佳设计和更多的应用（特别是对工业和建筑物），并以提高效率，经济和环境行为的方式提供供暖，制冷和电力服务。此外，拟议的研究将通过提供工程特别是能源方面的许多技能集，为许多HQP提供有益的培训。******

The integration of systems for trigeneration with district energy can facilitate the provision of electrical, heating and cooling services. Trigeneration is the simultaneous production of three products: electricity, heat and cool, while district energy (DE) includes both district heating and district cooling. Applications for such systems are particularly prevalent in industry and buildings. The benefits of trigeneration and DE include higher efficiency relative to stand-alone processes for electricity, heating and cooling.*******Progress to date indicates that trigeneration and DE are particularly beneficial, but that crucial knowledge gaps exist in terms of optimal trigeneration and DE, and in applying them to buildings, communities and industries. This proposal addresses these needs. The objectives are to enhance energy systems, in terms of efficiency, sustainability, environmental impact and economics, through the effective utilization advanced trigeneration and DE technologies. The main tasks are to 1) extend and develop methods and tools for modelling, analysis and optimization of trigeneration and DE systems plus their applications; 2) develop advanced trigeneration and DE technologies and systems, focusing on environmentally benign and sustainable options, particularly those founded on renewable energy sources; and 3) develop and assess beneficial and optimal ways to integrate trigeneration and DE systems into advanced applications, such as those in industry and buildings. The research will exploit advanced tools such as exergy methods. The scope of the research program includes relevant factors such as sustainability, lifetime, reliability and safety.*******The approach utilized will involve detailed thermodynamic component and systems modelling and simulation, considering energy conversion as well as heat and fluid flow aspects. Advanced optimization routines will be developed, incorporating multiple objectives and appropriate constraints. Alternative technologies will be considered as appropriate. Advanced applications to complex industries and buildings will receive special attention. ******The proposed research will yield numerous benefits and be of great technical significance in the engineering of advanced energy systems and their applications. In particular, the proposed research will lead to improved/optimal designs for advanced trigeneration and district energy systems and increased applications (especially for industry and buildings), and to the provision of heating, cooling and electrical services with enhanced efficiency, economic and environmental behaviour. Additionally, the proposed research will lead to the beneficial training of many HQP by providing many skill sets in engineering in general and energy in particular.******