Diverse regional drivers of aquatic greenhouse gas emission - management and climate drivers

淡水是向大气排放天然温室气体的主要来源，因为这些系统中存在广泛的碳和氮循环。排放的大小可以被人为的压力源极大地改变，但是我们对驱动排放的不同淡水系统特性的机械理解是预测的主要差距。草原地区的浅水内陆水域尤其如此，以干湿循环为典型，干湿循环控制着湿地和池塘的储水，并管理着许多河流的流量。温室气体预算预计是高度动态的，而气候和土地利用的变化预计会放大这一动态。在此基础上，对水质退化、代价高昂的洪水和重要栖息地丧失的担忧正在不断涌现，这些正在推动政策的变化，并在湿地保护和水资源管理方面做出新的努力。迫切需要详细考虑政策和实践变化对这些生态系统温室气体平衡的影响。******我的项目将侧重于确定草原地区浅水地表水温室气体排放的主要驱动因素。我将使用新颖的方法，包括我的研究小组开发的新传感器，来了解温室气体释放的速度。这将使我们了解不同排放途径对温室气体预算的重要性。我将使用当地景观方法将草原湿地水生温室气体条件与包括水文和化学在内的驱动因素联系起来。这将有助于深入了解区域温室气体排放是如何随着自然周期和干扰而变化的。在证明水库水位管理可以改变温室气体释放的新工作的基础上，我将确定人类水位管理对管理的草原河流温室气体排放的影响-包括受电力生产流量管理影响的大河，以及日常用水模式决定流量模式的污水为主的小河。这项研究将为帮助我们了解目前草原水生生态系统的排放奠定基础，并在整个农场温室气体排放核算中考虑这些系统。这将有助于我们预测未来的变化，限制对多年期区域水-大气温室气体交换的估计，确定气候、土地和水管理的影响。

Freshwaters are a key source of natural greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, owing to widespread carbon and nitrogen cycling in these systems. The magnitude of emissions can be dramatically altered by anthropogenic stressors, but our mechanistic understanding of the properties of different freshwater systems that drive emissions is a major gap for prediction. This is especially true of shallow inland waters of the prairie region, which is typified by wet-dry cycles that govern water storage in wetlands and ponds, and managed flows in many rivers. Greenhouse gas budgets are expected to be highly dynamic, and changes in climate and land use are expected to amplify this. Overlaid on this are emerging concerns regarding degraded water quality, costly flooding, and the loss of important habitat that are driving changes in policy and renewed efforts at wetland conservation and water resource management. Detailed consideration of the effects of changes in policy and practice on the greenhouse gas balance of these ecosystems is urgently required.******My program will focus on identification of the key drivers of greenhouse gas emissions from shallow surface waters in the prairie region. I will use novel approaches, including new sensors developed by my research team, to understand rates of greenhouse gas release. This will allow us to understand the importance of different release pathways for greenhouse gas budgets. I will use a local landscape approach to link prairie wetland aquatic greenhouse gas conditions to drivers including hydrology and chemistry. This will provide insight into how regional greenhouse gas emissions shift in response to natural cycles, and disturbance. Building on new work demonstrating that water level management in reservoirs can alter greenhouse gas release, I will identify the effect of human water level management on greenhouse gas emissions in managed prairie rivers – including a large river impacted by flow management for electricity production, and a small sewage-dominated stream where daily water consumption patterns determine flow patterns. This research will build the foundation to help us understand current emissions from prairie aquatic ecosystems and to account for these systems in whole-farm accounting of greenhouse gas emissions. This will help us anticipate future change, and constrain estimates of regional water-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange over multi-year periods, identifying influences of climate, land and water management.