Ecology of coastal invertebrates in a changing ocean

变化的海洋中沿海无脊椎动物的生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05870
• 负责人: Hunt, Heather
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=677909
• 关键词: Ecology; coastal; invertebrates; changing; ocean

Human impacts including climate change are negatively affecting marine ecosystems in Canada and around the world. Anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have resulted in both changes in patterns of ocean temperatures and acidification (decreased pH and carbonate saturation) of seawater and these impacts are projected to increase in future. The long-term objective of the proposed research program is to increase our understanding of the influence of climate change on coastal marine ecosystems. This research program builds on my previous research on sediment acidification and patterns of subtidal biodiversity. Understanding the effects of climate change in coastal waters is complicated by the large amount of natural variability in seawater pH and temperature in these systems. In addition, organisms living within sediment are exposed to more acidic conditions due to microbial decomposition, resulting in present-day carbonate saturation states low enough to dissolve bivalve shells. Research in my lab has demonstrated that juvenile clams will respond to acidified sediment by decreased burrowing and increased dispersal. The proposed research will address gaps in our knowledge of coastal acidification by examining the effects of variability in acidification compared to constant acidification treatments and by assessing whether organisms that live within the sediment are affected more by acidification of the water or by acidification of the sediment. The second area of climate change research which I propose will quantify and forecast changes in patterns of abundance and distribution of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobster) and fish in subtidal cobble habitat that are occurring in response to changes in ocean temperature. Through collaboration with researchers using cobble-filled collectors to measure lobster recruitment, my research lab has been examining biodiversity in subtidal cobble habitats. Decapod and fish data will be collected in shallow coastal areas in 3 regions of the Canadian Maritimes which differ in oceanographic conditions. Changes in patterns of distribution and abundance, such as the recent increase in cunner in the Quoddy region of the Bay of Fundy, will be examined in comparison to changes in ocean climate and species traits. Overall, the proposed research will contribute to a greater understanding of the effects of climate change in shallow coastal marine habitats, ecosystems which are extremely productive, but poorly understood and insufficiently studied.***

包括气候变化在内的人类影响正在对加拿大和世界各地的海洋生态系统产生负面影响。人为排放的二氧化碳导致海洋温度模式的变化和海水酸化（pH值和碳酸盐饱和度下降），预计这些影响今后还会增加。拟议研究计划的长期目标是增加我们对气候变化对沿海海洋生态系统影响的了解。这个研究项目建立在我以前对沉积物酸化和潮下带生物多样性模式的研究基础上。沿海沃茨中海水pH值和温度的大量自然变化使了解气候变化的影响变得复杂。此外，由于微生物分解，生活在沉积物中的生物暴露在更酸性的条件下，导致当今碳酸盐饱和度低到足以溶解双壳类贝壳。我实验室的研究表明，幼蛤对酸化沉积物的反应是减少挖洞和增加扩散。拟议的研究将填补我们对沿海酸化知识的空白，方法是检查酸化变化与持续酸化处理相比的影响，并评估生活在沉积物中的生物是受到水酸化还是沉积物酸化的影响更大。我建议的气候变化研究的第二个领域将量化和预测在潮下带卵石栖息地的十足类甲壳动物（螃蟹、虾、龙虾）和鱼类的丰度和分布模式的变化，这些变化是对海洋温度变化的反应。通过与研究人员合作，使用鹅卵石填充收集器来测量龙虾的招募，我的研究实验室一直在研究潮下带鹅卵石栖息地的生物多样性。将在海洋条件不同的加拿大海洋三个区域的浅水沿海地区收集十足类和鱼类数据。分布和丰富的模式的变化，如最近增加的cunner在Quoddy地区的芬迪湾，将检查在海洋气候和物种特征的变化相比。总的来说，拟议的研究将有助于更好地了解气候变化对浅海海洋生境的影响，这些生态系统非常富有成效，但人们对它们的了解和研究不足。