Formal Approaches to Model Based Testing

摘要 * 基于状态的形式主义，如有限状态机（FSM），通信FSM（CFSM），状态图，UML及其扩展已被广泛用于指定不同领域的系统行为，如机器学习，交互式系统，反应式系统，Web服务和电信以及描述并发和分布式系统的控制结构。在此背景下，拟议的研究的目标是开发正式的方法，从规范/要求的状态为基础的系统生成有效的测试套件。 由于基于状态的形式主义通常用于捕获这些系统的规格/要求，基于模型的测试技术通常在其开发过程中使用。这项研究解决了问题的测试套件的建设，从系统的规格/要求在一个基于状态的形式主义。主要目标是提高测试生成的技术水平，从规范和基于状态的系统的要求。将寻求正式的方法，将产生测试，可用于确定其规范和/或要求的实现的一致性。预计为构建测试套件而开发的技术也可用于减少手动或半自动方法获得的测试套件。本研究还将包括从多进程规范和设计生成测试，这样得到的测试可以应用于分布式测试架构，而不会遇到可控性和可观察性问题。基于需求的回归测试也是本研究的一部分，其中将利用不断发展的系统的需求差异来i）生成回归测试套件，ii）从现有测试套件中选择回归测试套件，iii）减少手动构建的回归测试套件。连续需求模型的差异将构成确定模型和被测系统中所作修改的影响的基础。通过利用这些已识别的影响，将形成回归测试套件。基于需求的回归测试的早期工作一次考虑一个修改的影响。这显然是不现实的，需要一并考虑对一个版本进行的所有修改，以获得其后续版本。因此，本研究将相应地修改修改的影响的定义，并且用于回归测试套件生成，减少和选择的现有方法将受益于本研究的结果，以提高其准确性。

Summary***State-based formalisms such as Finite State Machine (FSM), Communicating FSM (CFSM), State-Charts, UML and their extensions have been widely used to specify the behavior of systems in diverse areas such as machine learning, interactive systems, reactive systems, web services, and telecommunications as well as to describe the control structure of concurrent and distributed systems.***Within this context, the objectives of the proposed research are to develop formal methods for generation of effective test suites from specifications/requirements of state-based systems. Since state-based formalisms are commonly used to capture specifications/requirements of such systems, model based testing techniques are often employed during their development. This study addresses the problem of the construction of test suites from system specifications/requirements given in a state-based formalism. Main objective is to improve the state of the art in test generation from specifications and requirements of state-based systems. Formal approaches will be sought that will yield tests that can be used to determine the conformance of the implementations to their specifications and/or requirements. It is anticipated that the techniques developed for the construction of test suites may also be used for the reduction of test suites obtained manually or by semi-automated means. This study will also include generation of tests from multi-process specifications and designs such that the resulting tests can be applied in distributed test architectures without encountering controllability and observability problems. Requirements based regression testing is also a part of this study where differences in the requirements of evolving systems will be utilized to i) generate regression test suites, ii) select regression test suites from existing test suites, iii) reduce regression test suites constructed manually. The differences in successive models of requirements will form a basis for identifying the effects of the modifications made in the models and the system under test. By utilizing these identified effects, regression test suites will be formed. Earlier works on requirements based regression testing consider the effects of each modification one at a time. This clearly is not realistic and all modifications made on a version to obtain its successor version need to be considered altogether. Hence, this study will revise the definitions of effects of modifications accordingly and the existing methods for regression test suite generation, reduction, and selection will benefit from the results of this study for their increased accuracy.***********