Air-sea CO2 Exchange in the Arctic Marine Environment

北极海洋环境中的海气二氧化碳交换

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04780
• 负责人: Else, Brent
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679537
• 关键词: Air; sea; CO2; Exchange; Arctic

At a global scale, the Earth's oceans absorb a significant quantity of CO2, presently offsetting ~30% of human emissions. The Arctic Ocean is particularly effective at removing this important greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, but its ability to do so in the future may change as a result of climate warming. My research program is focused on better understanding the current and future role of the Arctic Ocean in the global carbon cycle. I will pursue three avenues of investigation: (1) identifying and quantifying the processes that control gas exchange rates in ice-affected seas; (2) identifying and quantifying the processes in sea ice and seawater that determine CO2 concentrations and set the potential for exchange with the atmosphere; and (3) the use of models and remote sensing to estimate CO2 exchange budgets over large scales.***The first research area deals with the physical and chemical processes that allow gases to transfer between a water surface (or an ice surface) and the atmosphere. In lower-latitude oceans these processes are fairly well known, but the presence of sea ice complicates matters significantly. In the short term, my research program will study air-ice CO2 exchange during the winter-to-spring transition using eddy covariance - a meteorological technique that can directly measure gas exchange. Another short-term goal will be to apply this technique to different platforms (ships and islands) to measure CO2 exchanges with seawater.***The second research area will focus on the biological, geological, and chemical (biogeochemical) processes that determine CO2 concentrations (pCO2) in surface seawater, and in water trapped within or on top of sea ice. An initial goal of the program will be to observe processes controlling seawater pCO2 from winter through spring break-up by using consecutive ice-camp and ship-based field studies. Ice-camp studies will also allow investigation of processes controlling pCO2 in sea ice brine and melt ponds. ***The third research area will combine results from the first two areas to estimate CO2 exchange budgets over larger space and time scales. Remote sensing will be used to extrapolate measurements of sea surface (and possibly sea ice) pCO2, and to estimate gas exchange rates. Numerical modeling will similarly be used to extrapolate field measurements over larger areas, and also to predict the future impacts of climate change. ***The overarching impact of this research program will be the identification and quantification of the processes that control CO2 exchange in the Arctic Ocean. Maximum impact will be achieved as the data and knowledge generated by the program are incorporated into global climate change models. The program will also have an important impact by training numerous highly qualified personnel, who will become important components of the global knowledge economy.**

在全球范围内，地球的海洋吸收了大量的二氧化碳，目前抵消了人类排放量的30%。北冰洋在从大气中清除这种重要的温室气体方面特别有效，但由于气候变暖，它在未来这样做的能力可能会发生变化。 我的研究计划是专注于更好地了解北冰洋在全球碳循环的当前和未来的作用。我将采取三种调查途径：（1）确定和量化控制受冰影响的海洋中气体交换率的过程;（2）确定和量化海冰和海水中决定CO2浓度并确定与大气交换潜力的过程;（3）使用模型和遥感来估计大规模CO2交换预算。第一个研究领域涉及允许气体在水面（或冰面）和大气之间转移的物理和化学过程。 在低纬度的海洋中，这些过程是众所周知的，但海冰的存在使问题变得非常复杂。 在短期内，我的研究计划将使用涡动协方差（一种可以直接测量气体交换的气象技术）研究冬季到春季过渡期间的空气-冰CO2交换。另一个短期目标是将这项技术应用于不同的平台（船舶和岛屿），以测量二氧化碳与海水的交换。第二个研究领域将侧重于生物，地质和化学（地球化学）过程，这些过程决定了表层海水中的CO2浓度（pCO 2），以及被困在海冰内或海冰顶部的水中。该计划的初步目标是通过使用连续的冰营和基于船舶的实地研究，观察从冬季到春季分解控制海水pCO 2的过程。* 第三个研究领域将把前两个领域的联合收割机结果结合起来，以估计更大空间和时间尺度上的CO2交换预算。 遥感将用于推断海面（可能还有海冰）二氧化碳分压的测量值，并估计气体交换率。 数值模拟将同样用于外推更大面积的实地测量，并预测气候变化的未来影响。* 这项研究计划的总体影响将是确定和量化控制北冰洋二氧化碳交换的过程。随着该计划产生的数据和知识被纳入全球气候变化模型，将产生最大的影响。该计划还将通过培养众多高素质人才产生重要影响，这些人才将成为全球知识经济的重要组成部分。