Information processing in the first half-second of vision

在今后五年里，我计划在三个不同的领域工作，所有这些领域都与广泛的关注领域有关。计划中的实验主要是为了研究在视觉的前半秒发生的感知/注意事件。1.注意瞬脱（Attentional Blink，AB）当两个目标（T1和T2）快速连续显示时，T1的准确性几乎完美，但T2（AB）的准确性大大降低。已知的是，在AB期间，关于T1和T2呈现的时间顺序的信息受损，但这还没有被系统地研究。我计划研究各种因素，如任务难度如何影响AB的时间顺序知觉。我还计划研究AB的电生理相关性，特别是我们实验室最近发现的事件相关电位的一个组成部分，我们称之为“再激活阳性”（PR）。这项工作的结果将与AB的现存理论有关。** 2.返回抑制（IOR）。IOR指的是这样一种发现，即对出现在先前有人值守位置的目标的反应时间比对出现在先前无人值守位置的目标的反应时间慢。这一领域计划的工作重点是观察者期望和注意力动量对IOR大小的作用。3.驾驶模拟器研究。在CFI补助金的帮助下，我购买了一台高保真驾驶模拟器。我计划在一个现实的自然环境中检验我已经研究过的注意力现象--并将继续研究--在实验室中（例如，AB和IOR）。

In the next five years, I plan to work in three separate areas, all related to the broad field of attention. The planned experiments are mostly designed to study the perceptual/attentional events that occur during the first half-second of vision.******1. The attentional blink (AB). When two targets (T1 and T2) are displayed in rapid succession, accuracy is nearly perfect for T1 but substantially reduced for T2 (AB). It is known that information about the temporal order in which T1 and T2 are presented is impaired during the AB, but this has not been investigated systematically. I plan to examine how various factors such as task difficulty affect the perception of temporal order in the AB. I also plan to study the electrophysiological correlates of the AB, notably a component of the event-related potential recently discovered in our laboratory to which we refer as the “reactivation positivity” (PR). The outcome of this work will be related to extant theories of the AB.******2. Inhibition of return (IOR). IOR refers to the finding that reaction times are slower to a target presented at a previously attended location than to a target presented at a previously unattended location. The work planned in this area focuses on the role of observer expectation and attentional momentum on the magnitude of IOR.******3. Driving simulator studies. With the aid of a CFI grant, I have purchased a high-fidelity driving simulator. I plan to examine in a realistic natural setting the attentional phenomena that I have studied - and will continue to study - in the laboratory (e.g., AB and IOR).