Engineering and Design of Upper Limb Joint Arthroplasties with Special Interest in Tribology, Load Transfer, and Contact Mechanics

上肢关节置换术的工程和设计，特别关注摩擦学、载荷传递和接触力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05346
• 负责人: Langohr, GordonDaniel
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=681833
• 关键词: Engineering; Design; Upper; Limb; Joint

Joint arthroplasty replaces damaged cartilage with articulating implants to alleviate pain and restore motion. However, failure of these devices in the body results in the need for costly and painful revision surgery to replace the implant. To reduce this risk, the current research proposal aims to investigate and address several of the most common upper limb arthroplasty implant failure modes with the aim of improving implant design and the long-term goal of improving the quality of life of Canadians and reducing cost to the healthcare system. Furthermore, moving forward the resulting research methodologies developed herein can also be extended to other emerging areas of orthopaedics.******Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is growing in use, however articular wear and scapular notching remain a concern. While the use of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has reduced wear in hip arthroplasty, the tribological performance of both XLPE and non-XLPE in RTSA has not been fully explored for varying loads. To address this, a shoulder wear simulator will be used to perform wear testing of XLPE and non-XLPE humeral cups subjected to normal and adverse loads. Scapular notching arises due to contact of the humeral cup with the scapula, which could be prevented if humeral cups had an inferomedial cut-out. To assess the feasibility of this concept, finite element modelling will be used to estimate the degree of cut-out that can be removed without significantly altering contact mechanics, and the resulting cut-outs will then be made on humeral cups and subjected to wear testing to assess their impact on RTSA wear.******Radial head hemiarthroplasty (RHH) replaces only one side of the joint, however the substitution of cartilage with a stiff metallic implant results in degeneration of the opposing cartilage. The use of new RHH materials may help to reduce this, however their tribological performance against cartilage is not fully understood. To address this, wear testing of Bionate, a compliant material, and pyrolytic carbon (PyC), a smooth reduced modulus material, will be performed using an OrthoPOD wear apparatus. The long-term fatigue of Bionate and the tribological performance of PyC against cartilage will be evaluated.******Humeral stress shielding following shoulder arthroplasty is common and is a result of the unloading of bone following insertion of a stiff metallic humeral stem. Although humeral stem design has been improved somewhat, the optimal short stem geometry has yet to be defined. To address this, humeral stem geometry will be optimized using finite element methods employing a novel modelling technique which permits the estimation of expected stress shielding following stem implantation.******The proposed innovative research program incorporates several novel approaches to advance the tribology and design of upper limb arthroplasty, contributing to the long-term vision of improving patient outcomes and quality of life while reducing healthcare costs.**

关节置换术用关节植入物代替受损软骨，以减轻疼痛和恢复活动。然而，这些装置在体内的失败导致需要昂贵和痛苦的翻修手术来更换植入物。为了降低这种风险，目前的研究计划旨在调查和解决几个最常见的上肢关节置换术假体失败模式，以改进假体设计和提高加拿大人的生活质量和降低医疗保健系统的成本为长期目标。此外，本文发展的研究方法也可以扩展到其他新兴的骨科领域。******反向全肩关节置换术（RTSA）的应用越来越广泛，但关节磨损和肩胛骨切迹仍然是一个问题。虽然交联聚乙烯（XLPE）的使用减少了髋关节置换术中的磨损，但在RTSA中，XLPE和非XLPE在不同载荷下的摩擦学性能尚未得到充分研究。为了解决这个问题，将使用肩部磨损模拟器对XLPE和非XLPE肱骨杯在正常和不利载荷下进行磨损测试。肩胛骨缺口是由于肱骨杯与肩胛骨接触而产生的，如果肱骨杯有内侧切口，则可以防止这种缺口。为了评估这一概念的可行性，将使用有限元模型来估计在不显著改变接触力学的情况下可以去除的切口程度，然后将由此产生的切口放在肱骨杯上并进行磨损测试，以评估其对RTSA磨损的影响。******桡骨头半关节置换术（RHH）仅替代一侧关节，然而用坚硬的金属植入物替代软骨会导致对侧软骨变性。使用新的RHH材料可能有助于减少这种情况，但是它们对软骨的摩擦学性能尚未完全了解。为了解决这个问题，将使用OrthoPOD磨损设备对Bionate（一种柔顺材料）和PyC（一种光滑的降低模量材料）进行磨损测试。对Bionate的长期疲劳性能和PyC对软骨的摩擦学性能进行了评价。******肩关节置换术后的肱骨应力屏蔽是常见的，这是在插入坚硬的金属肱骨柄后骨卸载的结果。虽然肱骨柄的设计已经有所改进，但最佳的短柄几何形状尚未确定。为了解决这个问题，将使用有限元方法优化肱骨杆的几何形状，采用一种新的建模技术，可以估计肱骨杆植入后的预期应力屏蔽。******提出的创新研究计划结合了几种新方法来推进上肢关节置换术的摩擦学和设计，有助于改善患者的预后和生活质量，同时降低医疗成本