Optical Variability in the Ocean

海洋中的光学变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03902
• 负责人: Lewis, Marlon
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=683573
• 关键词: Optical; Variability; Ocean

Prediction of the optical properties of the upper ocean is of central importance in oceanography. These properties regulate the reflection from and the penetration of visible radiation in the sea with important ramifications for physical and biological oceanographic processes as well as planetary climate changes. For example, the ocean is "dark" as compared to the terrestrial surface, and the solar radiation absorbed in the upper layers heats and stabilizes the ocean. Variability in the rate of attenuation of visible radiation consequently plays a strong role in the development of upper ocean thermal structure and dynamics. A fraction of the absorbed radiation is responsible for driving the photosynthetic process on which life in the sea, and many chemical transformations, depends. For applied interests, the attenuation of visible wavelengths dictates the effective transmission from point and diffuse sources either at the sea surface, or at depth. The goals of my research program are to examine both the sources of variability in ocean optical properties, and to evaluate the effect of this variability on both oceanic biogeochemical cycles and physical climate interactions. ******Specific objectives include first the elucidation of the sources of variability in the optical properties of the ocean. These include biological processes, fluid dynamical processes (particularly turbulence), nonliving, but optically active ocean constituents (e.g. bubbles), and the physical properties of the radiance field as influenced by the atmosphere, air-sea interface, and the net effects of radiative transfer within the ocean interior. Second, I plan to evaluate the role of variability in oceanic optical properties in determining rates of primary production in the sea, particularly on scales appropriate for the determination of the role of oceanic biogeochemical processes in the global carbon cycle. Thirdly, we will evaluate the role of variability in oceanic optical properties in determining the thermal structure and dynamics of the upper ocean.*** ***A particular focus will be on the development of appropriate autonomous observation systems and sensors for the observation of ocean optical properties at scales that will be useful for the numerical prediction of the evolution of the upper ocean physics, chemistry and biology.

海洋上层光学特性的预测在海洋学中具有重要意义。这些特性调节着可见辐射在海洋中的反射和穿透，对物理和生物海洋学过程以及行星气候变化产生重要影响。例如，与陆地表面相比，海洋是“黑暗的”，上层吸收的太阳辐射加热并稳定了海洋。可见光辐射衰减率的变化因此在上层海洋热结构和动力学的发展中起着重要作用。一小部分被吸收的辐射负责驱动海洋生物所依赖的光合作用过程，以及许多化学转化。对于应用兴趣，可见光波长的衰减决定了来自海面或深度处的点源和漫射源的有效传输。我的研究计划的目标是研究海洋光学特性的变化来源，并评估这种变化对海洋地球化学循环和物理气候相互作用的影响。 ** 具体目标首先包括阐明海洋光学特性可变性的来源。这些包括生物过程，流体动力学过程（特别是湍流），无生命的，但光学活性的海洋成分（如气泡），辐射场的物理特性的影响，大气，海-气界面，和海洋内部的辐射传输的净效应。 其次，我计划评估海洋光学特性的变化在确定海洋初级生产率方面的作用，特别是在适合于确定海洋生物地球化学过程在全球碳循环中的作用的尺度上。 第三，我们将评估海洋光学特性的可变性在确定上层海洋的热结构和动力学方面的作用。* 将特别注重发展适当的自主观测系统和传感器，以观测海洋光学特性，其尺度将有助于对上层海洋物理、化学和生物的演变进行数值预测。