New developments for geotechnical and hydraulic properties of soils

土壤水力性质研究的新进展总的研究目标是改进地下水的基础研究、测试方法和数值分析。在过去的6年里，申请人和他的HQP改进了地下水工程中使用的几种方法。他们的研究在期刊上发表了54篇论文，在学报上发表了33篇论文，有86篇HQP参与。探索基金的拟议研究将研究三个关键的基本主题，检查新想法，提出新的解决方案，测试它们，并定义新的数值分析工具。这项研究将有助于形成2名博士、4名硕士和6名本科生，他们都是地下水工程专业的学生。*主题1：真实的土壤太复杂了，无法用所有的物理细节来模拟。它们不是同质的，但或多或少是分层的。对于平行于各向同性层和垂直于各向同性层的饱和水力传导率，有一个古老的等效公式。然而，对于非饱和性质，如保水性和非饱和导水率，没有等价物。因此，需要建立层状介质与其在解析解和数值模型中使用的等效连续介质之间的所有等价性。最近，申请人建立了用于含水层示踪剂测试的有效孔隙度的新的等效公式，并通过7次现场示踪剂测试和数值模型证明了它们的正确性。发现基金将用于完成非饱和性质的所有等价式的建立，两名硕士学生(M1，M2)必须在3名本科生的帮助下改进复杂而漫长的测试。*主题2：在地下水论文和报告中，数值和数学收敛之间存在系统的混淆。只有在最近的计算流体动力学(CFD)论文和应用数学中才有这种区别。拟议的研究将提出并解释地下水数值研究所需的控制方法。这项研究将加强我们最近的期刊论文中显示的第一个发现。它将涉及一名硕士研究生(M3)和一名博士生(D1)。*主题3：申请人出版了一本关于从粒度分布和其他参数的分布中提取信息的书(2016)。这本书是基于模式分解方法(MDM)，一种新的方法和调查路线，由申请人开发。发现补助金将只用于调查一个基本问题，即内部侵蚀问题，这是一个很难调查的问题，它造成了超过40%的土质结构(大坝、高速公路等)的破坏。拟议的研究将加强该书中解释的初步发现。它将包括一名硕士(M4)和一名博士生(D2)，并由两名本科生协助参加考试。

New developments for hydraulic properties of soils******* The general research goal is to improve basic research, testing methods and numerical analyses for groundwater. In the past 6 years, the applicant and his HQP have improved several methods used in groundwater engineering. Their research gave 54 papers in journal and 33 in proceedings, with 86 participations of HQP. The proposed research for the Discovery Grant will study three key basic topics, examine new ideas, propose new solutions, test them, and define new tools for numerical analyses. This research will contribute to the formation of 2 PhD, 4 MSc and 6 undergraduate students, all in groundwater engineering.**** Topic 1: real soils are too complex to be modelled with all physical details. They are not homogeneous but more or less stratified. There is an old equivalence for saturated hydraulic conductivity parallel to and normal to isotropic layers. However there are no equivalences for unsaturated properties, such as water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Thus, there are needs to develop all equivalences between a stratified medium and its equivalent continuum used in analytical solutions and numerical models. Recently, the applicant developed new equivalence equations for the effective porosity to be used for tracer tests in aquifers, and proved them correct with seven field tracer tests, and numerical models. The discovery grant will be used to finish building all equivalence equations for unsaturated properties, two master students (M1, M2) having to improve complex and long tests, helped by 3 undergraduate students.**** Topic 2: in groundwater papers and reports, there is a systematic confusion between numerical and mathematical convergences. The distinction is made only in recent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) papers and applied mathematics. The proposed research will propose and explain control methods that are needed for groundwater numerical studies. The research will strengthen first findings shown in our recent journal papers. It will involve a master student (M3) and a PhD student (D1).**** Topic 3: the applicant published a book (2016) on extracting information from grain size distributions and distributions of other parameters. The book is based on a modal decomposition method (MDM), a novel method and line of investigation, developed by the applicant. The Discovery Grant will be used to investigate only one basic problem, that of internal erosion, a hard-to-investigate problem, which is responsible for more than 40% of damage in earth structures (dams, highways, etc.). The proposed research will strengthen initial findings explained in the book. It will involve one master student (M4) and one PhD student (D2), helped by 2 undergraduate students for the tests.***