Advanced Proactive Road Safety Management Techniques

先进的主动道路安全管理技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04072
• 负责人: Sayed, Tarek
• 金额: $ 4.37万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690897
• 关键词: Advanced; Proactive; Road; Safety; Management

There is a pressing need for improved methods of road safety analysis to reduce the frequency and severity of road crashes. Most of current research on road safety focuses on the statistical techniques to model crashes and evaluate safety countermeasures. Less attention has been devoted to improve our understanding of crash causes and road user behavior. This is unfortunate, given the lack of complete understanding of the complex interaction of crash factors, how safety measures work and how they affect road user behavior. A major contribution of this research will be the development of novel methods that advance this understanding. This proposal focuses on three issues: i) evaluating surrogate safety measures and validating their relationship with crashes; ii) developing evasive action-based conflict indicators that incorporate elements of road user behavior and iii) developing a calibration framework for enhancing the use of micro-simulation models in safety analysis by increasing the correlation between simulated and field conflicts. The research attempts to contribute to traffic safety research in several ways. It tests and validates the use of traffic conflicts as surrogate safety measures and confirms their relationship with crashes. The development of a Bayesian framework for combining information from crash records and conflict data in a Bayesian framework is a new contribution to safety research. As well, the development of new evasive-action based traffic conflict indicators should provide the traffic conflict techniques with the ability to better measure conflict severity in high-mix, less-organized traffic environments. The research also proposes a new quantitative methodology for the integration of various measures of traffic conflicts (time proximity and behavior based) into a single safety index. Various conflict indicators are hypothesized to be of different and sometimes of independent nature. Ultimately, important road safety treatment decisions must be taken based on a singular inference on the underlying level of safety. Finally, the research will advance the use of micro-simulation models in road safety analysis by introducing a calibration process to maximize the correlation between simulated and field-measured conflicts. Calibrated model parameter values for various conflict types, traffic environments and location types will be determined.**

迫切需要改进道路安全分析方法，以减少道路碰撞的频率和严重程度。目前大多数关于道路安全的研究都集中在统计技术上，以模拟碰撞和评估安全对策。较少的注意力已经投入到提高我们的理解碰撞的原因和道路使用者的行为。这是不幸的，因为缺乏对碰撞因素的复杂相互作用，安全措施如何工作以及它们如何影响道路使用者行为的完整理解。这项研究的一个主要贡献将是发展新的方法来促进这种理解。该建议侧重于三个问题：i）评估替代安全措施，并验证其与碰撞的关系; ii）开发基于规避行动的冲突指标，其中包括道路使用者行为的元素; iii）开发一个校准框架，通过增加模拟和现场冲突之间的相关性，加强在安全分析中使用微观模拟模型。该研究试图从几个方面为交通安全研究做出贡献。它测试和验证使用交通冲突作为替代安全措施，并确认其与碰撞的关系。开发贝叶斯框架，将碰撞记录和冲突数据中的信息结合在贝叶斯框架中，是对安全研究的新贡献。此外，新的规避行动为基础的交通冲突指标的发展，应提供交通冲突技术的能力，以更好地衡量冲突的严重性，在高混合，组织较少的交通环境。该研究还提出了一种新的定量方法，将各种交通冲突（基于时间接近和行为）的措施整合到一个单一的安全指数中。各种冲突指标被假设为不同的，有时是独立的性质。最终，重要的道路安全处理决定必须根据对基本安全水平的单一推断作出。最后，本研究将通过引入校准过程来最大限度地提高模拟和现场测量冲突之间的相关性，从而促进微观模拟模型在道路安全分析中的使用。将确定各种冲突类型、交通环境和位置类型的校准模型参数值。**