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The Physics and Cosmology of Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Early Universe

暗物质、暗能量和早期宇宙的物理学和宇宙学

基本信息

批准号：
SAPIN-2016-00047
负责人：
Sigurdson, Kris
金额：
$ 4.74万
依托单位：
University of British Columbia
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691359
关键词：
Physics Cosmology Dark Matter Energy

项目摘要

Our best evidence for new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, new fundamental particles and fields, arises from cosmological observables. This proposal aims to explore and constrain, theoretically and experimentally, the physics of dark matter, dark energy, and the early universe. ******We are confident dark matter -- 85% of all matter in the Universe -- is something other than atomic matter. Precious little is known about its particle properties and null results from the Large Hadron Collider and other experiments have severely constrained long-heralded models for dark matter like the lightest supersymmetric partner. This motivates exploring new pathways for understanding the physics of dark matter and we propose to characterize in a generic way the impact of dark matter physics on cosmological and astrophysical observables. In particular, if dark matter interacts with other particles or itself, or is produced when relativistic, cosmological perturbations are modified in precise and calculable ways. The CMB, large-scale structure, and galactic matter distributions provide key experimental constraints on dark-matter particle physics. We will extend our existing work to make precise predictions of the initial dark matter distribution in a whole class of theories that couple dark matter to relativistic particles or themselves. This allows for self-consistent simulations to be made that can be used to calculate the impact of dark-matter physics on cosmological and galactic structure formation.******Dark energy is driving the accelerated expansion of the Universe, but the physics responsible for this is unknown. A miniscule cosmological constant is in stark conflict with theoretical predictions (the cosmological constant problem) and no compelling theoretical alternatives exist. New measurements of the expansion history of the Universe may give clues to the origin of dark energy. The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a CFI-funded dark energy experiment designed to measure the expansion rate of the Universe with the 21-cm line of hydrogen. CHIME is under construction and this proposal aims to develop robust methods to reject spurious foreground contamination and find efficient ways to create data products that will provide cutting edge constraints on models of dark energy physics.******Something like inflation occurred in the early universe to generate the initial curvature fluctuations observed in the cosmos. Viable models of inflation predict nearly Gaussian fluctuations and non-Gaussian corrections reveal the strength and form of field interactions. These non-Gaussian features manifest themselves in highly distinct ways in the large-scale structure of the Universe and we propose to quantify how experiments probing unprecedentedly large volumes of the Universe, like CHIME, can constrain non-Gaussian statistics and theoretical models of inflation.**

超越粒子物理学标准模型的新物理学，新的基本粒子和场，我们最好的证据来自宇宙的可观测。该提案旨在从理论上和实验上探索和约束暗物质、暗能量和早期宇宙的物理学。******我们确信暗物质——宇宙中85%的物质——不是原子物质。人们对它的粒子性质知之甚少，大型强子对撞机和其他实验的无效结果严重限制了长期以来预言的暗物质模型，比如最轻的超对称伙伴。这激发了探索理解暗物质物理的新途径，我们建议以一种通用的方式描述暗物质物理对宇宙学和天体物理观测的影响。特别是，如果暗物质与其他粒子或自身相互作用，或者当相对论、宇宙学扰动以精确和可计算的方式被修正时产生。宇宙微波背景、大尺度结构和星系物质分布为暗物质粒子物理提供了关键的实验约束。我们将扩展我们现有的工作，在一系列将暗物质与相对论粒子或它们自身相结合的理论中，对暗物质的初始分布做出精确的预测。这使得自洽模拟可以用来计算暗物质物理对宇宙和星系结构形成的影响。******暗能量正在推动宇宙的加速膨胀，但对此负责的物理原理尚不清楚。一个微小的宇宙常数与理论预测（宇宙常数问题）存在明显的冲突，并且没有令人信服的理论替代存在。对宇宙膨胀历史的新测量可能为暗能量的起源提供线索。加拿大氢强度测绘实验（CHIME）是一个cfi资助的暗能量实验，旨在用21厘米的氢线测量宇宙的膨胀率。CHIME正在建设中，该提案旨在开发强大的方法来拒绝虚假的前景污染，并找到有效的方法来创建数据产品，从而为暗能量物理模型提供最前沿的约束。******类似暴胀的东西发生在早期宇宙中，产生了宇宙中观测到的初始曲率波动。可行的暴胀模型预测近高斯波动，非高斯修正揭示了场相互作用的强度和形式。这些非高斯特征在宇宙的大尺度结构中以非常不同的方式表现出来，我们建议量化探索宇宙中前所未有的大体积的实验，如CHIME，如何约束非高斯统计和暴涨的理论模型