The Application of Novel Cements in Concrete Block Manufacturing Towards Low Carbon-High Strength Masonry

我们建议开发用于混凝土砌块生产的新型水泥，其温室气体排放量要少得多，强度要高得多。用新型水泥制成的普通强度砌块的温室气体排放量要比强度更大的砌块低得多。新型水泥将通过使用补充胶凝材料来生产，其中包括活性偏高岭土和一种种子材料，以促进钙（铝）硅酸盐水合物的生产，这是水泥浆中的主要结合相，具有特定的性能。认识到纳米水泥可以产生非常高的强度，将新型水泥磨成更小的平均尺寸将产生高强度混凝土。这项研究有两个主要目的。首先是确定混凝土混合物与新型水泥，可以取代目前的生产，从而减少温室气体排放与“标准”混凝土砌块砌筑。二是使用新型水泥生产高强度砌块，用混凝土砌块建造更大更坚固的结构，从而扩大砌体的使用范围，降低建筑成本。这可能需要与高强度砌块兼容的砂浆配方来实现高强度砌筑。此外，充分利用新砌块可能会受到目前加拿大砌体标准中对高墙设计的限制。最近的工作表明，与世界各地的测试结果或其他标准相比，按照现行标准中的程序设计高墙的方式非常保守，而且不太准确。因此，有必要检查现行标准中使用的方法，并决定如何更新这些方法，以便在一般情况下更有效地使用砌体，但特别是，它们鼓励在建造高墙时充分有效地使用高强度砌块。该提案得到了加拿大混凝土砌体生产商协会的支持，该协会的成员将从“更环保”和更坚固的混凝土块的市场能力中受益。加拿大砌体设计中心也支持该申请，并将通过增加其承包商成员的工作而受益。

We propose to develop new cements for concrete block production with much less associated Greenhouse gas emission and with higher strength. Normal strength blocks manufactured with the novel cements will have much lower associated GHG than the stronger blocks. The novel cements will be produced by using supplementary cementitious materials which include reactive metakaolin and a seeding material to encourage the production of calcium-(alumino-)silicate-hydrate, the primary binding phase in cement paste, with specific properties. Recognizing that nano-cements produce very high strength, grinding the novel cements to a much smaller average size will produce high strength concretes. There are two main objectives of the research. The first is to determine concrete mixes with novel cements that can replace current production and thereby reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with "standard" concrete block masonry. The second is to use novel cements to produce high strength blocks that can be used to build bigger and stronger structures from concrete blockwork and thereby expand the use of masonry, and reduce construction costs. This may require the formulation of a mortar compatible with the high strength block to achieve high strength masonry. In addition, taking full advantage of the new blocks could be limited by the current restrictions on tall wall design in the Canadian masonry standard. Recent work has shown that the way tall walls are designed following the procedure in the current standard is very conservative and not very accurate compared to test results or other standards around the world. Therefore there is a need to examine the methods used in the current standard and determine how to update them so they allow more effective use of masonry in general, but in particular, they encourage full and effective use of the high strength blocks in the construction of tall walls. The proposal is supported by the Canadian Concrete Masonry Producers Association whose members will benefit from the ability to market both "greener" and stronger concrete blocks. The Canada Masonry Design Centre also supports the application and will benefit through increased work for its contractor members.