Canada's contribution to AWAKE - a proton-driven plasma wakefield experiment at CERN

关于继续参与AWAKE合作（2018-2021）的提案***在过去三年中，TRIUMF一直是AWAKE合作的积极成员。***TRIUMF已制造、交付并安装了其承诺为AWAKE实验提供的所有设备。部分硬件（如BPM电子设备）是复杂的、最先进的仪器。AWAKE合作希望TRIUMF集团为其建造的设备提供持续的支持。这项任务需要定期前往欧洲核子研究中心参加实验运行，排除故障，并在发生故障时修复硬件。还需要采购和制造一些备件。***b)系统升级*** AWAKE实验的整体成功取决于在时间和空间上精确控制质子、电子和激光束的能力。特别是，电子束被期望在横向上与质子束重叠，并在纵向上停留在激光脉冲后面一段确定的时间。如果没有适当的光束仪器，这项任务是不可能完成的。原则上，人们可以分别测量质子束和电子束的位置，因为电子的重复率是10赫兹，而质子束预计每30秒才出现一次。因此，当没有质子时，可以测量电子的位置。这里的合理考虑是，质子束的库仑场会使电子偏转，当它们倾向于接近时，然后在没有质子束的情况下测量的电子束位置将不同于实际重要的情况，当两束一起共传播时。因此，要求最后两个TRIUMF光束位置监测器在质子束存在时测量电子束位置。***c)运行2的新诊断开发***与运行1相比，束长度减少了20-30倍，为了保持低发射度，束电荷相应减少了三倍。在如此低的束荷下，为运行1开发的电子束位置监测电子设备TRIUMF将无法满足50微米弹对弹的分辨率要求。因此，TRIUMF被要求修改现有的电子设备，以提高信噪比。***预算：***支持两到三名学生从事AWAKE光束诊断开发的各个方面（2年36k美元）。***开发和构建诊断硬件，升级相关电子设备和采集系统（11.7万美元）。***参加实验运行、操作和维护硬件以及参加合作会议的差旅费（24k美元）。***总要求：3年内17.7万美元。***当前提案的及时资助将确保TRIUMF和加拿大科学界在未来基础和应用物理学这一重要研究领域的坚定存在。

Proposal for continuing TRIUMF participation in the AWAKE collaboration, 2018-2021***For the last three years TRIUMF has been an active member of the AWAKE collaboration.***a) Operation and service ***TRIUMF has manufactured, delivered and installed all the equipment it committed to contribute for the AWAKE experiment. Part of the hardware, such as BPM electronics, is a complex, state-of-the-art piece of instrumentation. The AWAKE collaboration expects the TRIUMF group to provide continuous support of the equipment that it has built. This task will require regular travels to CERN to participate in experiment runs, to troubleshoot, and to repair the hardware in case of failures. A few spare parts have also to be procured and built.***b) System Upgrade***The overall success of the AWAKE experiment depends on the ability to precisely control proton, electron and laser beams in time and space. In particular, the electron beam is expected to transversely overlap with the proton bunch and stay longitudinally behind the laser pulse by a defined amount of time. This task is impossible to perform without proper beam instrumentation. In principle, one can separately measure the position of the proton and electron bunches, since electrons' repetition rate is 10 Hz, while the proton beam is expected only about every 30 seconds. Thus, the electron position can be measured when protons are not available. The valid concern here is that the Coulomb field of the proton bunch will deflect the electrons as they tend to approach and then the electron beam position measured in the absence of the proton bunch will be different from the practically important case when both beams co-propagate together. For this reason it was requested that the two last TRIUMF beam position monitors measure the electron beam position in the presence of proton bunches. ***c) New diagnostics development for Run 2***Compared to the Run 1 the bunch length is reduced by a factor of 20-30 and to keep the emittance low the bunch charge is correspondingly reduced three times. With such a lower bunch charge the beam position monitor electronics TRIUMF developed for Run 1 will not meet the resolution requirement of 50 micrometers shot-to-shot. Thus, TRIUMF is asked to modify the existing electronics to increase the signal-to-noise ratio.***Budget:*** To support two to three students to work on various aspects of AWAKE beam diagnostics development ($36k for 2 years). *** To develop and build diagnostics hardware, upgrade the associated electronics and the acquisition system ($117k). *** Travel funds to participate in experimental runs, operate and service the hardware and travel for collaboration meetings ($24k). *** Total request: $177k over 3 years. ***Timely funding of the current proposal will secure a firm presence of TRIUMF, and Canadian Science at large, in this vital area of research for fundamental and applied physics of tomorrow.