Interactions between migration, marine survival, and disease susceptibility in Atlantic salmon

大西洋鲑鱼迁徙、海洋生存和疾病易感性之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 521256-2018
• 负责人: Crossin, Glenn
• 金额: $ 10.34万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=697847
• 关键词: Interactions; between; migration; marine; survival

Healthy, sustainable Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks are important economically, ecologically, and culturally to Canada. However, many populations have been severely decreasing since the 1980s, leading to an endangered listing for many populations by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Currently, the greatest impacts to their survival have been linked to juvenile survival upon entry into the marine environment. In this Strategic Partnership Grant proposal, we will use acoustic telemetry and cutting edge genomic techniques to address several strategic issues. Firstly, with our partners at Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and at the Atlantic Salmon Federation (ASF), we will examine the role of naturally occurring pathogens in mediating the migration behaviour and mortality of juvenile salmon in populations throughout the Maritimes, Quebec, and Newfoundland & Labrador. Secondly, we will examine the interactions of wild salmon with aquaculture net-pens throughout the region by quantifying residency patterns, migration pathways, and mortality near net-pens. In parallel, we will characterize pathogen profiles in water samples collected near net-pens, and by opportunistically sampling net-pen escapees, which are frequently caught in a fish-ladder on a river in New Brunswick, we will compare disease profiles of aquaculture and wild salmon in the same river. Thirdly, we will examine the effects of hatchery rearing on the behaviour and survival of juveniles salmon. Hatchery rearing is commonly used for salmon supplementation, and by comparing hatchery and wild fish in the same river, we will explore whether hatchery fish have different susceptibilities to pathogens and altered migration behaviour. Ultimately, we will use the data that we collect from these studies to develop models that examine the degree to which mortality can be explained by aquaculture and/or hatchery operations versus natural environmental variation, and whether these are actually preventing the recovery of Atlantic salmon populations. These issues are of paramount importance to DFO and ASF, given that the Species at Risk Act stipulates that recovery strategies must address the threats identified by COSEWIC.

健康、可持续的大西洋鲑鱼（萨尔莫salar）种群在经济、生态和文化上对加拿大都很重要。然而，自1980年代以来，许多种群严重减少，导致加拿大濒危野生动物状况委员会（COSEWIC）将许多种群列入濒危名单。目前，对它们生存的最大影响是幼鱼进入海洋环境后的生存。在这个战略合作伙伴关系赠款提案中，我们将使用声学遥测和尖端基因组技术来解决几个战略问题。首先，我们将与加拿大渔业和海洋部（DFO）和大西洋鲑鱼联合会（ASF）的合作伙伴一起研究自然发生的病原体在介导整个滨海地区，魁北克和纽芬兰和拉布拉多的幼鲑鱼迁移行为和死亡率方面的作用。其次，我们将研究野生鲑鱼与整个地区的水产养殖网围栏的相互作用，通过量化居住模式，迁移途径和死亡率附近的网围栏。在平行，我们将在附近的网笔收集的水样中的病原体配置文件的特点，并通过机会主义抽样网笔逃犯，这是经常被困在一个鱼梯在新玩法的河流，我们将比较水产养殖和野生鲑鱼在同一条河流中的疾病配置文件。第三，我们将研究孵化场饲养对鲑鱼幼鱼的行为和生存的影响。孵化场饲养通常用于鲑鱼补充，并通过比较孵化场和野生鱼在同一条河流中，我们将探讨孵化场鱼是否有不同的易感性病原体和改变迁移行为。最终，我们将使用从这些研究中收集的数据来开发模型，以研究水产养殖和/或孵化场操作与自然环境变化之间的差异在多大程度上可以解释死亡率，以及这些因素是否实际上阻止了大西洋鲑鱼种群的恢复。鉴于《濒危物种法》规定，恢复战略必须解决COSEWIC确定的威胁，这些问题对DFO和ASF至关重要。